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dc.contributor.authorRissanen, Antti-Pekka E.
dc.contributor.authorRottensteiner, Mirva
dc.contributor.authorKujala, Urho M.
dc.contributor.authorKurkela, Jari L. O.
dc.contributor.authorWikgren, Jan
dc.contributor.authorLaukkanen, Jari A.
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-31T12:33:21Z
dc.date.available2022-10-31T12:33:21Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationRissanen, A.-P. E., Rottensteiner, M., Kujala, U. M., Kurkela, J. L. O., Wikgren, J., & Laukkanen, J. A. (2022). Cardiorespiratory Fitness Estimation Based on Heart Rate and Body Acceleration in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors : Validation Study. <i>JMIR Cardio</i>, <i>6</i>(2), Article e35796. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2196/35796" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2196/35796</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_159332558
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/83728
dc.description.abstractBackground: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adding CRF to conventional risk factors (eg, smoking, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia) improves the prediction of an individual’s risk for adverse health outcomes such as those related to cardiovascular disease. Consequently, it is recommended to determine CRF as part of individualized risk prediction. However, CRF is not determined routinely in everyday clinical practice. Wearable technologies provide a potential strategy to estimate CRF on a daily basis, and such technologies, which provide CRF estimates based on heart rate and body acceleration, have been developed. However, the validity of such technologies in estimating individual CRF in clinically relevant populations is poorly known. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of a wearable technology, which provides estimated CRF based on heart rate and body acceleration, in working-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: In total, 74 adults (age range 35-64 years; n=56, 76% were women; mean BMI 28.7, SD 4.6 kg/m2 ) with frequent cardiovascular risk factors (eg, n=64, 86% hypertension; n=18, 24% prediabetes; n=14, 19% type 2 diabetes; and n=51, 69% metabolic syndrome) performed a 30-minute self-paced walk on an indoor track and a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill. CRF, quantified as peak O2 uptake, was both estimated (self-paced walk: a wearable single-lead electrocardiogram device worn to record continuous beat-to-beat R-R intervals and triaxial body acceleration) and measured (cardiopulmonary exercise test: ventilatory gas analysis). The accuracy of the estimated CRF was evaluated against that of the measured CRF. Results: Measured CRF averaged 30.6 (SD 6.3; range 20.1-49.6) mL/kg/min. In all participants (74/74, 100%), mean difference between estimated and measured CRF was −0.1 mL/kg/min (P=.90), mean absolute error was 3.1 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.6-3.7), mean absolute percentage error was 10.4% (95% CI 8.5-12.5), and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88 (95% CI 0.80-0.92). Similar accuracy was observed in various subgroups (sexes, age, BMI categories, hypertension, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome). However, mean absolute error was 4.2 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.6-6.1) and mean absolute percentage error was 16.5% (95% CI 8.6-24.4) in the subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes (14/74, 19%). Conclusions: The error of the CRF estimate, provided by the wearable technology, was likely below or at least very close to the clinically significant level of 3.5 mL/kg/min in working-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors, but not in the relatively small subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes. From a large-scale clinical perspective, the findings suggest that wearable technologies have the potential to estimate individual CRF with acceptable accuracy in clinically relevant populations.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherJMIR Publications Inc.
dc.relation.ispartofseriesJMIR Cardio
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.othercardiopulmonary exercise test
dc.subject.othercardiorespiratory fitness
dc.subject.otherheart rate variability
dc.subject.otherhypertension
dc.subject.othertype 2 diabetes
dc.subject.otherwearable technology
dc.titleCardiorespiratory Fitness Estimation Based on Heart Rate and Body Acceleration in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors : Validation Study
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202210315035
dc.contributor.laitosLiikuntatieteellinen tiedekuntafi
dc.contributor.laitosPsykologian laitosfi
dc.contributor.laitosFaculty of Sport and Health Sciencesen
dc.contributor.laitosDepartment of Psychologyen
dc.contributor.oppiainePsykologiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineMonitieteinen aivotutkimuskeskusfi
dc.contributor.oppiaineLiikuntalääketiedefi
dc.contributor.oppiaineHyvinvoinnin tutkimuksen yhteisöfi
dc.contributor.oppiainePsychologyen
dc.contributor.oppiaineCentre for Interdisciplinary Brain Researchen
dc.contributor.oppiaineSports and Exercise Medicineen
dc.contributor.oppiaineSchool of Wellbeingen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn2561-1011
dc.relation.numberinseries2
dc.relation.volume6
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright©Antti-Pekka E Rissanen, Mirva Rottensteiner, Urho M Kujala, Jari L O Kurkela, Jan Wikgren, Jari A Laukkanen. Originally published in JMIR Cardio (https://cardio.jmir.org), 25.10.2022.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysoterveysvaikutukset
dc.subject.ysosydän- ja verisuonitaudit
dc.subject.ysokohonnut verenpaine
dc.subject.ysopuettava teknologia
dc.subject.ysoriskitekijät
dc.subject.ysoaikuistyypin diabetes
dc.subject.ysometabolinen oireyhtymä
dc.subject.ysodiabetes
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p15449
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p9886
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p21452
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p39343
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p13277
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p8303
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p6238
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p8304
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.2196/35796
jyx.fundinginformationThis study was funded by Business Finland (Finnish government organization for innovation funding and trade, travel, and investment promotion, Helsinki, Finland; grant 2697/31/2018) and Firstbeat Technologies Oy (Jyväskylä, Finland).
dc.type.okmA1


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