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Does higher education protect against obesity? Evidence using Mendelian randomization

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Böckerman, P., Viinikainen, J., Pulkki-Råback, L., Hakulinen, C., Pitkänen, N., Lehtimäki, T., Pehkonen, J., & Raitakari, O. T. (2017). Does higher education protect against obesity? Evidence using Mendelian randomization. Preventive Medicine, 101, 195-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.015
Published in
Preventive Medicine
Authors
Böckerman, Petri |
Viinikainen, Jutta |
Pulkki-Råback, Laura |
Hakulinen, Christian |
Pitkänen, Niina |
Lehtimäki, Terho |
Pehkonen, Jaakko |
Raitakari, Olli T.
Date
2017
Discipline
Basic or discovery scholarshipTaloustiedeBasic or discovery scholarshipEconomics
Copyright
© 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is a final draft version of an article whose final and definitive form has been published by Elsevier. Published in this repository with the kind permission of the publisher.

 
Objectives The aim of this explorative study was to examine the effect of education on obesity using Mendelian randomization. Methods Participants (N = 2011) were from the on-going nationally representative Young Finns Study (YFS) that began in 1980 when six cohorts (aged 30, 33, 36, 39, 42 and 45 in 2007) were recruited. The average value of BMI (kg/m2) measurements in 2007 and 2011 and genetic information were linked to comprehensive register-based information on the years of education in 2007. We first used a linear regression (Ordinary Least Squares, OLS) to estimate the relationship between education and BMI. To identify a causal relationship, we exploited Mendelian randomization and used a genetic score as an instrument for education. The genetic score was based on 74 genetic variants that genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have found to be associated with the years of education. Because the genotypes are randomly assigned at conception, the instrument causes exogenous variation in the years of education and thus enables identification of causal effects. Results The years of education in 2007 were associated with lower BMI in 2007/2011 (regression coefficient (b) = − 0.22; 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] = − 0.29, − 0.14) according to the linear regression results. The results based on Mendelian randomization suggests that there may be a negative causal effect of education on BMI (b = − 0.84; 95% CI = − 1.77, 0.09). Conclusion The findings indicate that education could be a protective factor against obesity in advanced countries. ...
Publisher
Elsevier
ISSN Search the Publication Forum
0091-7435
Keywords
education schooling body weight BMI waist-hip ratio ylipaino koulutus lihavuus
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.015
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201706283156

Publication in research information system

https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/27086259

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  • Kauppakorkeakoulu [943]
Related funder(s)
Academy of Finland
Funding program(s)
Strategic research programmes, AoF
Additional information about funding
The Young Finns Study has been financially supported by the Academy of Finland: grants 286284, 134309 (Eye), 126925, 121584, 124282, 129378 (Salve), 117787 (Gendi), and 41071 (Skidi); the Social Insurance Institution of Finland; Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospitals (grant X51001); Juho Vainio Foundation; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; Emil Aaltonen Foundation; Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation; and Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes Association. The Palkansaaja Foundation supported the use of linked data. Böckerman thanks the Strategic Research Council funding for the project Work, Inequality and Public Policy (293120). Jutta Viinikainen and Jaakko Pehkonen acknowledge financial support from the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (grants 6664 and 6646). ...

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