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Late-Emerging and Resolving Dyslexia: A Follow-Up Study from Age 3 to 14

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Torppa, M., Eklund, K., van Bergen, E., & Lyytinen, H. (2015). Late-Emerging and Resolving Dyslexia: A Follow-Up Study from Age 3 to 14. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43 (7), 1389-1401. doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0003-1
Published in
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Authors
Torppa, Minna |
Eklund, Kenneth |
van Bergen, Elsje |
Lyytinen, Heikki
Date
2015
Discipline
KasvatuspsykologiaPsykologia
Copyright
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015. This is a final draft version of an article whose final and definitive form has been published by Springer. Published in this repository with the kind permission of the publisher.

 
This study focuses on the stability of dyslexia status from Grade 2 to Grade 8 in four groups: (a) no dyslexia in either grade (no-dyslexia, n = 127); (b) no dyslexia in Grade 2 but dyslexia in Grade 8 (late-emerging, n = 18); (c) dyslexia in Grade 2 but not in Grade 8 (resolving, n = 15); and (d) dyslexia in both grades (persistent-dyslexia, n = 22). We examined group differences from age 3.5 to age 14 in (a) reading, vocabulary, phonology, letter knowledge, rapid naming, IQ, verbal memory; (b) familial and environmental risk and supportive factors; and (c) parental skills in reading, phonology, rapid naming, verbal memory, and vocabulary. Our findings showed group differences both in reading and cognitive skills of children as well as their parents. Parental education, book-reading frequency, and children’s IQ, however, did not differentiate the groups. The children in the persistent-dyslexia group exhibited widespread language and cognitive deficits across development. Those in the resolving group had problems in language and cognitive skills only prior to school entry. In the late-emerging group, children showed clearly compromised rapid naming. Additionally, their parents had the most severe difficulties in rapid naming, a finding that suggests strong genetic liability. The findings show instability in the diagnosis of dyslexia. The members of the late-emerging group did not have a distinct early cognitive profile, so late-emerging dyslexia appears difficult to predict. Indeed, these children are at risk of not being identified and not receiving required support. This study suggests the need for continued monitoring of children’s progress in literacy after the early school years. ...
Publisher
Springer US; International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
ISSN Search the Publication Forum
0091-0627
Keywords
Dyslexia Early identification Family risk for dyslexia Late-emerging dyslexia Reading disabilities
DOI
10.1007/s10802-015-0003-1
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201601051013

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