Electrofishing as a new method to search for unknown populations of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera
Salonen, J., & Taskinen, J. (2017). Electrofishing as a new method to search for unknown populations of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 27(1), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2667
Date
2017Copyright
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This is a final draft version of an article whose final and definitive form has been published by Wiley. Published in this repository with the kind permission of the publisher.
1. The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is threatened throughout its
Holarctic range, but the occurrence of this species is insufficiently mapped. For the
conservation of M. margaritifera, it is important to identify populations more
comprehensively.
2. Traditionally mussels have been searched for visually using techniques such as diving
and aquascope, both of which are potentially time-consuming and demanding survey
methods.
3. In this study, a new search method is presented. As glochidia of M. margaritifera are
larval parasites on gills of salmonid fish, electrofishing and non-destructive examination
of salmonids with the naked eye may reveal the presence of glochidia and therefore the
occurrence of M. margaritifera in watercourses. This method was tested in both the
field and laboratory in northern Finland.
4. In summer, when M. margaritifera glochidia were large, the status of salmonids
being infected or uninfected by M. margaritifera was correctly identified with the naked
eye with 62, 80, 88 and 93 % accuracy in four streams sampled, 96 % accuracy in the
laboratory, and 100 % accuracy in all cases when at least 20 glochidia per fish were
present. Intensity of infection was also assessed successfully; a specifically tailored,
qualitative abundance score correlated significantly with the real number of glochidia.
However, during autumn with small glochidia freshly attached to fish, glochidia
infection could be observed only under microscopic examination.
5. When the method was used in 40 previously incompletely surveyed tributaries, three
M. margaritifera populations were found. The infection in salmonids was observed
always with the naked eye, being subsequently confirmed microscopically. The
existence of adult mussels in two of these rivers was also confirmed.
6. The results indicate that electrofishing and a relatively quick naked-eye check of
salmonids provides a new, non-destructive, and potentially cost-effective way to search
for new, previously unrecorded M. margaritifera populations.
...
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