Effects of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera on river ecosystem and water quality
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2018Copyright
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Makeanveden helmen simpukka Margaritifera margaritifera on uhanalainen laji. Makean veden simpukat (Unionoida) voivat tarjota arvokkaita ekosysteemipalveluja ja parantaa veden laatua suodatustoimintansa ansiosta. Mitään tutkimusta ei kuitenkaan ole tehty siitä, miten uhanalainen Margaritifera margaritifera—joka on aikaisemmin esiintynyt (ja voi esiintyä vielä nykyäänkin paikoittain) hyvin suurina tiheyksinä—vaikuttaa jokiekosysteemiin ja veden laatuun. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia jokihelmisimpukoiden vaikutuksia jokiin analysoimalla veden laatuparametreja sekä kasviplanktonin ja zooplanktonin tiheyttä kahdessa pohjois-suomalaisessa, lähekkäin sijaitsevassa joessa, joista toisessa esiintyy tiheä jokihelmisimpukkakanta, mutta toisessa simpukoita ei ole. Tutkimus tehtiin keräämällä vesinäytteitä ja suorittamalla mittauksia paikan päällä 500 metrin matkalla kymmenestä pisteestä 50 metrin välein jokien yläpuolella sijaitsevasta järvestä alkaen. Tutkitut muuttujat olivat veden lämpötila, sähkönjohtavuus, pH, suspendoituneet kiintoaineet, liuennut happi, fluorimetriset estimaatit sinilevälle ja klorofylli-a:lle, sekä kasviplanktoninja zooplanktonin tiheys ja lajisto. Arvioitu jokihelmisimpukkamäärä tutkitulla 500 metrin matkalla oli 32000 yksilöä. Jokien välisiä eroja mitattujen muuttujien käyttäytymisessä suhteessa etäisyyteen järvestä tutkittiin regressioanalyysillä. Tulokset viittasivat siihen, että M. margaritifera alentaa siniviherlevien, klorofylli-a:n ja liuenneen hapen pitoisuuksia sekä kasvuplanktonin ja zooplanktonin tiheyttä. Tuloksista voidaan päätellä, että ainakin tiheä M. margaritifera -esiintymä saattaa pystyä vaikuttamaan veden laatuun ja jokiekosysteemin toimintaan.
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Freshwater mussels (Unionoida) can provide valuable ecosystem services through their filtration function, consequently improving or affecting water quality. The endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera used to occur and can still occasionally occur in high densities. However, no study has been conducted regarding how M. margaritifera influences river ecosystem and water quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of M. margaritifera on the boreal river through analysing water quality parameters, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Thus, two closely located rivers— M. margaritifera river and control river (no mussel)—in northern Finland were compared using water samples and in situ measurements performed at 50 m intervals from the first 500 m section downstream from the headwater lake of both rivers. Variables studied included water temperature, conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, optical dissolved oxygen and fluorometric estimates of blue-green algae and chlorophyll-a, as well as density and species composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton, in addition to M. margaritifera count. The estimated number of M. margaritifera in 500 m study section was about 32000. The response of measured variables in relation to the distance from the lake to the rivers were studied by regression analysis. The results point to the likelihood that M. margaritifera reduce blue-green algae, chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen as well as phytoplankton and zooplankton density, suggesting potentially remarkable ecosystem effect and influence on water quality by M. margaritifera when occurring in high density.
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