Phenotypic plasticity in growth and fecundity induced by strong population fluctuations affects reproductive traits of female fish
Karjalainen, J., Urpanen, O., Keskinen, T., Huuskonen, H., Sarvala, J., Valkeajärvi, P., & Marjomäki, T. (2016). Phenotypic plasticity in growth and fecundity induced by strong population fluctuations affects reproductive traits of female fish. Ecology and Evolution, 6(3), 779-790. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1936
Julkaistu sarjassa
Ecology and EvolutionTekijät
Päivämäärä
2016Tekijänoikeudet
© 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Fish are known for their high phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits in relation
to environmental variability, and this is particularly pronounced among
salmonids in the Northern Hemisphere. Resource limitation leads to trade-offs
in phenotypic plasticity between life-history traits related to the reproduction,
growth, and survival of individual fish, which have consequences for the age
and size distributions of populations, as well as their dynamics and productivity.
We studied the effect of plasticity in growth and fecundity of vendace
females on their reproductive traits using a series of long-term incubation
experiments. The wild parental fish originated from four separate populations
with markedly different densities, and hence naturally induced differences in
their growth and fecundity. The energy allocation to somatic tissues and eggs
prior to spawning served as a proxy for total resource availability to individual
females, and its effects on offspring survival and growth were analyzed. Vendace
females allocated a rather constant proportion of available energy to eggs (per
body mass) despite different growth patterns depending on the total resources
in the different lakes; investment into eggs thus dictated the share remaining
for growth. The energy allocation to eggs per mass was higher in young than in
old spawners and the egg size and the relative fecundity differed between them:
Young females produced more and smaller eggs and larvae than old spawners.
In contrast to earlier observations of salmonids, a shortage of maternal food
resources did not increase offspring size and survival. Vendace females in sparse
populations with ample resources and high growth produced larger eggs and
larvae. Vendace accommodate strong population fluctuations by their high plasticity
in growth and fecundity, which affect their offspring size and consequently
their recruitment and productivity, and account for their persistence
and resilience in the face of high fishing mortality.
...
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