Banking on trust - navigating customer loyalty in the digital banking era : insights from the Finnish banking sector
Asiakasuskollisuuden ymmärtämisen merkitys on kasvanut kiristyneen kilpailun myötä. Erityisesti pankkitoiminnan kaltaisella luottamukseen
perustuvalla liiketoiminnalla uskollinen asiakaskunta ja sen oikeanlainen hyödyntäminen voivat tarjota merkittäviä kilpailuetuja alan yrityksille. Vallalla
ollut ja edelleen jatkuva pankkialan digitalisaatio haastaa alan toimijoita, sillä pankkien vaihtaminen ja vertaileminen on tullut kuluttajalle aiempaa helpommaksi. Uskollisten ja kannattavien asiakassuhteiden rakentaminen ja ylläpito vaativatkin aiempaa enemmän tietoa ja panostusta pankeilta. Mobiili- ja verkkopankin merkitys kasvaa, mikä tarjoaa pankeille lukuisia mahdollisuuksia asiakassuhteiden hoitoon ja asiakasdatan keräämiseen ja hyödyntämiseen.
Tämän pro-gradu tutkielman tavoitteena oli tutkia asiakasuskollisuuden merkitystä kotimaisella pankkisektorilla. Asiakasuskollisuuden muodostumista
lähestyttiin aiemmissa tutkimuksissa havaittujen merkittävimpien determinanttien kautta, joita olivat imago, luottamus, asiakkaan kokema arvo, palvelun laatu ja asiakastyytyväisyys. Lisäksi huomioitiin asiakkaiden alttiudet inertialle ja pankin vaihdolle. Tutkielmassa käytetty tutkimusmuoto oli laadullinen, ja aineisto kerättiin kahdentoista puolistrukturoidun
yksilöhaastattelun kautta. Haastateltavat koostuivat pankkialan kokeneista ammattilaisista, joilla on omakohtaista kokemusta asiakkuuksista ja
asiakasuskollisuudesta. Haastattelut toteutettiin verkkohaastatteluina.
Tutkielman tulokset ovat pääosin linjassa aiempien tutkimusten kanssa ja siten vahvistavat samojen asiakasuskollisuuden determinanttien olevan merkittäviä
myös kotimaisella pankkialalla. Haastatteluiden tulokset syventävät lähdekirjallisuuteen perustuvia tuloksia, esittelemällä löydöksiä pohjautuen haastateltavien omiin näkemyksiin ja kokemuksiin. Haastateltavien vastaukset tarjoavat tuoreita ideoita ja ehdotuksia pankkialan managereille siitä, mitkä ovat toimivia käytäntöjä asiakasuskollisuuden parantamiseksi, ja mitä toisaalta pankit voisivat tehdä nykyistä enemmän asiakasuskollisuuden kasvattamiseksi.
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The significance of understanding customer loyalty has grown with increased competition. When considering a trust-based business, such as banking, a loyal customer base and its proper utilisation can offer significant competitive advantages to companies in the industry. The digitization of the banking industry has challenged and continues to challenge the operators in the industry. The costs are high, and at the same time, switching and comparing banks have become easier for consumers. Building and maintaining loyal and profitable customer
relationships requires more information and investments than ever before. The importance of mobile and online banking is prominent and growing, and at the same time, it offers banks numerous opportunities for managing customer relationships and collecting and utilising customer data.
The aim of this master’s thesis was to investigate the importance of customer loyalty in the Finnish banking sector. The formation of customer loyalty was approached through the most significant determinants recognised in the previous studies. Those determinants were image, trust, perceived value, quality of service, and customer satisfaction. In addition, customers' churn or proneness to inertia and switching behaviour were examined. The research method used in this thesis was qualitative, and the data were collected through twelve in-depth semi structured individual interviews. The interviewees consisted of experienced professionals in the banking industry who have personal working experience with customers and managing the functions like customer loyalty. The interviews were carried out online using the Teams platform.
The results of this thesis are in line with the previous studies and thus reinforce the assumption that the same determinants of customer loyalty are also significant in the Finnish banking industry. The interviews deepen the results based on the source literature by presenting the findings based on the interviewees' own views and experiences. The answers of the interviewees offer fresh ideas and suggestions for the managers in the banking industry on how to improve customer loyalty and, further, what banks could do to increase customer loyalty.
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