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dc.contributor.authorOksanen, Atte
dc.contributor.authorSirola, Anu
dc.contributor.authorSavolainen, Iina
dc.contributor.authorKoivula, Aki
dc.contributor.authorKaakinen, Markus
dc.contributor.authorVuorinen, Ilkka
dc.contributor.authorZych, Izabela
dc.contributor.authorPaek, Hye-Jin
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-31T05:45:44Z
dc.date.available2021-03-31T05:45:44Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationOksanen, A., Sirola, A., Savolainen, I., Koivula, A., Kaakinen, M., Vuorinen, I., Zych, I., & Paek, H.-J. (2021). Social Ecological Model of Problem Gambling : A Cross-National Survey Study of Young People in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland. <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>, <i>18</i>(6), Article 3220. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063220" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063220</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_52601506
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/74901
dc.description.abstractProblem gambling among young people is an emerging trend globally. The online environment in particular offers various possibilities for gambling engagement. This is the first cross-national survey study using the social ecological model to analyze problem gambling, especially in the online context. The study aimed to analyze how different social ecological spheres explain problem gambling. Participants were young people aged 15–25 in the United States (n = 1212), South Korea (n = 1192), Spain (n = 1212), and Finland (n = 1200). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) instrument measured problem gambling. The regression models analyzed problem gambling with measures of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and societal spheres. Spanish participants had the highest SOGS score for problem gambling. In all countries, the variations in problem gambling were best explained by the organizational sphere measures (26%) when compared to the intrapersonal (11%), interpersonal (5%), and societal (3%) spheres. In the full model, the organizational sphere measures had strong associations with problem gambling. These included consumer debt, online gambling community participation, online casino participation, and exposure to online pop-up advertisements. Problem gambling was also associated with conformity to group norms in the interpersonal sphere, and male gender and impulsivity in the intrapersonal sphere. Cross-national results were similar in different countries. Within the final model, gambling community participation had the strongest association with problem gambling (β = 0.23, p < 0.001). The online context plays a major role in problem gambling behavior. The social ecological model is a useful tool for tackling problem gambling and developing preventative measures.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartofseriesInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.otherpathological gambling
dc.subject.othersocial ecological model
dc.subject.otheradolescents
dc.subject.otheremerging adults
dc.subject.otherInternet
dc.subject.otheronline communities
dc.subject.otheronline casinos
dc.subject.otherconsumer debt
dc.subject.otheradvertising
dc.subject.otherimpulsivity
dc.titleSocial Ecological Model of Problem Gambling : A Cross-National Survey Study of Young People in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202103312233
dc.contributor.laitosYhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitosfi
dc.contributor.laitosDepartment of Social Sciences and Philosophyen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn1661-7827
dc.relation.numberinseries6
dc.relation.volume18
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2021 the Authors
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysomainonta
dc.subject.ysoimpulsiivisuus
dc.subject.ysovelkaantuminen
dc.subject.ysorahapelit
dc.subject.ysoongelmapelaaminen
dc.subject.ysovertaileva tutkimus
dc.subject.ysopelihimo
dc.subject.ysonuoret
dc.subject.ysoverkkoyhteisöt
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p1232
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p24801
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5968
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p3446
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p25449
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p1772
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p20290
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p11617
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p23472
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.datasethttp://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3399
dc.relation.doi10.3390/ijerph18063220
jyx.fundinginformationThe Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Problem Gambling, and Social Media Project 2017–2020 funded this research. PI: Professor Atte Oksanen.
dc.type.okmA1


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