A description of time lines in Finnish Sign Language
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2020Copyright
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Tässä maisterintutkielmassa tarkastellaan aikalinjojen esiintymistä suomalaisessa viittomakielessä. Viitekehykseksi valittiin Sinten vuonna 2013 julkaistussa artikkelissa esittämät kuvaukset aikalinjoista kymmenessä eri viittomakielessä, ja havaintoja tässä tutkimuksessa käytetystä aineistosta verrattiin niihin.
Työssä tutkitaan miten suomalaisen viittomakielen Corpus FinSL-korpuksen luonnollisesta keskusteluaineistosta löytyvät aikalinjat vertautuvat aikaisemmin kuvattuihin, löytyykö siitä jotakin uutta ja miten aikalinjoja käytetään luonnollisessa diskurssissa. Aineisto koostuu kahden parin tuottamasta, yhteensä 1 tunnin ja 25 minuutin mittaisesta videoaineistosta, joka analysoitiin leksikon ja diskurssin tasoilla.
Tulosten perusteella kaikki kuusi Sinten esittämää aikalinjaa sekä kaksiulotteinen taso löytyvät suomalaisesta viittomakielestä, ja niiden lisäksi löytyy yksi aiemmin kuvailematon aikalinja. Aikaan viittaavat leksikaaliset viittomat, muut leksikaaliset viittomat, sekä ajan kulkua kuvailevat viittomat ilmentävät aikaa näiden aikalinjojen avulla. Diskursiivisella tasolla aikalinjojen käytöstä on erotettavissa jatkuvat narratiivit, verbaalien toisto ja ei-topografisten olioiden paikantaminen viittomatilaan. Erityisesti ensimainitun diskursiivisen tyypin yhteydessä aikalinjojen käytön havaittiin olevan puhtaasti non-manuaalista.
Ajan suunnan suhteen löydettiin perusteita kyseenalaistaa aikaisemmin lausuttuja toteamuksia. Erityisesti ajan kulkusuuntaa horisontaalisella akselilla tarkastellaan kriittisesti. Löytyneiden todisteiden valossa aika ei niinkään kulje yksiselitteisesti tiettyyn suuntaan, vaan pikemminkin kunkin viittojan vahvemman käden suuntaan, mitä tukee aineistossa selkeästi hallitseva taipumus suosia vahvemman käden puolelle suuntautuvia viittomia. Tutkimuksen perusteella ajan kulku on kuitenkin viime kädessä tulkittavissa vain ympäröivästä kontekstista.
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This Master’s thesis focuses on the nature of time lines in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL). Sinte described the time lines in ten different sign languages in her paper from 2013. Her work was chosen as the framework for this thesis and the findings from FinSL were compared to the time lines presented in her paper.
The natural conversations subcorpora from the Corpus FinSL was used as data to study the existence of time lines in natural conversational material by comparing the findings to those described by Sinte. The use of these time lines in the natural discourse was studied as well as whether the data reveals any new lines that would be unknown previously. The data comprised of 1 hour 25 minutes of video material produced by two pairs of signers and it was annotated and analysed on both lexical and discourse levels.
Based on the results all six of the time lines and the two-dimensional plane presented by Sinte were found in the data, as well as one additional time line that has not been mentioned before. Lexical signs that directly refer to time, other types of lexical signs as well as non-lexical depictive signs that explicitly describe the passing of time all make use of time lines. On the discourse level temporal information is conveyed through continuous narratives, verbal reduplication and by localizing non-topographical discourse referents. Purely non-manual instances were noted to be common especially within the first mentioned type of discourse level temporal expressions.
Examples which gave reason to question the frequent notion on the direction of time were found. The study argues that time does not have just a single clear direction especially on the horizontal axis, but the direction is more likely dependent on the signer’s dominant hand in that in the data the signs directed to the ipsilateral side were significantly more common than the contralateral ones. Evidence also proposes that eventually the information on where does the time flow to is tied to the surrounding context, as the conversation partners were likely to understand the temporal references even though they were inconsistent and the movement was occasionally directed to the contrasting direction
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