Occurrence of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in source-separated urine, groundwater, surface water and wastewater in the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia
Ngumba, E., Gachanja, A., Nyirenda, J., Maldonado, J., & Tuhkanen, T. (2020). Occurrence of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in source-separated urine, groundwater, surface water and wastewater in the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia. Water SA, 46(2), Article 278-284. https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2020.v46.i2.8243
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Water SADate
2020Copyright
© 2020 the Authors
Recently, there has been an increased interest in bridging the knowledge gap in the occurrence and fate of
pharmaceuticals in African urban water cycles. In this study, the occurrence of 7 antibiotics and 3 antiretrovirals
in source-separated urine, groundwater, wastewater and surface water of the peri-urban area of Chunga
in Lusaka, Zambia, was studied. In groundwater, the pharmaceuticals were only sporadically present with
4 antibiotics and 1 antiretroviral detected. The concentration of the antibiotics ranged from below limit of
quantification (
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Water Research CommissionISSN Search the Publication Forum
0378-4738Keywords
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This work was financially supported by the University of Jyväskylä Doctoral Program in Biological and Environmental Science and Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry and University of Jyväskylä bilateral student exchange travel scholarship. The authors are also thankful to the scientists from the University of Zambia, Department of Chemistry, for the support during sample preparation as well as to Mrs Pa ...
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