Sequential infection can decrease virulence in a fish‐bacterium‐fluke interaction : implications for aquaculture disease management
Karvonen, A., Fenton, A., & Sundberg, L.-R. (2019). Sequential infection can decrease virulence in a fish‐bacterium‐fluke interaction : implications for aquaculture disease management. Evolutionary Applications, 12(10), 1900-1911. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12850
Published in
Evolutionary ApplicationsDate
2019Discipline
Solu- ja molekyylibiologiaAkvaattiset tieteetNanoscience CenterCell and Molecular BiologyAquatic SciencesNanoscience CenterCopyright
© 2019 The Authors
Hosts are typically infected with multiple strains or genotypes of one or several parasite species. These infections can take place simultaneously, but also at different times, i.e. sequentially, when one of the parasites establishes first. Sequential parasite dynamics are common in nature, but also in intensive farming units such as aquaculture. However, knowledge of effects of previous exposures on virulence of current infections in intensive farming is very limited. This is critical as consecutive epidemics and infection history of a host could underlie failures in management practises and medical intervention of diseases. Here, we explored effects of timing of multiple infection on virulence in two common aquaculture parasites, the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare and the fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum. We exposed fish hosts first to flukes and then to bacteria in two separate experiments, altering timing between the infections from few hours to several weeks. We found that both short‐term and long‐term difference in timing of the two infections resulted in significant, genotype‐specific decrease in bacterial virulence. Second, we developed a mathematical model, parameterized from our experimental results, to predict the implications of sequential infections for epidemiological progression of the disease, and levels of fish population suppression, in an aquaculture setting. Predictions of the model showed that sequential exposure of hosts can decrease the population‐level impact of the bacterial epidemic, primarily through the increased recovery rate of sequentially infected hosts, thereby substantially protecting the population from the detrimental impact of infection. However, these effects depended on bacterial strain–fluke genotype combinations, suggesting the genetic composition of the parasite populations can greatly influence the degree of host suppression. Overall, these results suggest that host infection history can have significant consequences for the impact of infection at host population level, potentially shaping parasite epidemiology, disease dynamics and evolution of virulence in farming environments.
...
Publisher
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.ISSN Search the Publication Forum
1752-4571Keywords
Publication in research information system
https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/32210441
Metadata
Show full item recordCollections
Related funder(s)
Research Council of FinlandFunding program(s)
Academy Project, AoF; Academy Research Fellow, AoFAdditional information about funding
This work was supported by the Finnish Centre of Excellence Program of the Academy of Finland; the CoE in Biological Interactions 2012-2017 (#252411), and by the Academy of Finland grants #263864, #266879, #292763,#310632, and #314939.License
Related items
Showing items with similar title or keywords.
-
Quantity and Quality of Aquaculture Enrichments Influence Disease Epidemics and Provide Ecological Alternatives to Antibiotics
Karvonen, Anssi; Räihä, Ville; Klemme, Ines; Ashrafi, Roghaieh; Hyvärinen, Pekka; Sundberg, Lotta-Riina (MDPI AG, 2021)Environmental heterogeneity is a central component influencing the virulence and epidemiology of infectious diseases. The number and distribution of susceptible hosts determines disease transmission opportunities, shifting ... -
Rearing background and exposure environment together explain higher survival of aquaculture fish during a bacterial outbreak
Räihä, Ville; Sundberg, Lotta-Riina; Ashrafi, Roghaieh; Hyvärinen, Pekka; Karvonen, Anssi (Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2019)1.Parasitic diseases represent one of the greatest challenges for aquaculture worldwide and there is an increasing emphasis on ecological solutions to prevent infections. One proposed solution is enriched rearing, where ... -
The influence of infective dose, nutrient availability and coinfection on virulence of Flavobacterium columnare : implications of intensive aquaculture on opportunistic infections
Kinnula, Hanna (University of Jyväskylä, 2016)Ecological factors are known to affect disease dynamics and even lead to disease emergence. Especially in opportunistic, environmentally transmitted pathogens, the environment may significantly contribute to pathogen ... -
Importance of Sequence and Timing in Parasite Coinfections
Karvonen, Anssi; Jokela, Jukka; Laine, Anna-Liisa (Elsevier Ltd., 2019)Coinfections by multiple parasites predominate in the wild. Interactionsbetween parasites can be antagonistic, neutral, or facilitative, and they canhave significant implications for epidemiology, disease dynamics, and ... -
The Fate of Bacteriophages in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) : Towards Developing Phage Therapy for RAS
Almeida, Gabriel M. F..; Mäkelä, Kati; Laanto, Elina; Pulkkinen, Jani; Vielma, Jouni; Sundberg, Lotta-Riina (MDPI AG, 2019)Aquaculture production has increased tremendously during the last decades, and new techniques have been developed, e.g., recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In RAS, the majority of water volume is circulated via ...