Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers
Leppänen, M., Henriksson, P., Henriksson, H., Nyström, C. D., Llorente-Cantarero, F. J., & Löf, M. (2019). Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers. Medicina, 55(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55010002
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MedicinaAuthors
Date
2019Copyright
© 2018 by the authors.
Background and objectives: There is a lack of studies investigating associations of physical
activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) using the doubly-labeled water (DLW)
method with body composition and physical fitness in young children. Thus, we aimed to
examine cross-sectional associations of PAL and AEE with body composition indices and physical
fitness components in Swedish preschool children. Materials and methods: PAL was calculated
as total energy expenditure measured using DLW divided by the predicted basal metabolic
rate in 40 children aged 5.5 (standard deviation 0.2) years. AEE was calculated as total energy
expenditure minus basal metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food, and divided by fat-free mass.
Body composition was assessed using the 3-component model by combining measurements based on
isotope dilution and air-displacement plethysmography. Physical fitness (muscular strength, motor
fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness) was evaluated using the PREFIT test battery. Multiple linear
regression models were conducted. Results: PAL and AEE were negatively associated with body mass
index, percent body fat, and fat mass index (PAL: standardized β −0.35, −0.41, and −0.45, all p < 0.036;
AEE: standardized β −0.44, −0.44, and −0.47, all p < 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, PAL and
AEE were positively associated with the standing long jump test (PAL: standardized β 0.37, p = 0.017;
AEE: standardized β 0.38, p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant associations found
regarding PAL or AEE with fat-free mass index or any other physical fitness test. Conclusions: Greater
PAL and AEE at the age 5.5 were significantly associated with body fatness and improved lower-body
muscular strength. Therefore, increasing physical activity, and thus energy expenditure, at young
ages may be beneficial for preventing overweight/obesity. However, further studies with larger
sample sizes are needed to confirm the results.
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