Programa de convivencia y anti-acoso escolar KiVa : Impacto y reflexión
Mäkelä, T., & Catalán, B. L. (2018). Programa de convivencia y anti-acoso escolar KiVa : Impacto y reflexión. Anales de la Fundación Canis Majoris, 2018(2), 234-258. http://canismajoris.es/wp-content/uploads/Revista-Anales-FCM-2017-INTERACTIVO.pdf
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Anales de la Fundación Canis MajorisDate
2018RESUMEN
Acoso escolar es un fenómeno global que afecta al bienestar y aprendizaje de muchos alumnos y
puede tener consecuencias negativas a lo largo de la vida. Este artículo presenta las bases
científicas, los componentes principales y los estudios de impacto relacionados con el programa
finlandés denominado KiVa diseñado para el trabajo contra el acoso escolar. Basado en las
teorías socio-cognitivas, el programa se enfoca primordialmente en el cambio de actitud de los
alumnos que no son ni víctimas ni actúan como acosadores. Los componentes principales del
programa son acciones universales (prevención), acciones focalizadas (intervención) y
monitorización. El impacto del programa KiVa está estudiado en profundidad con varios
estudios experimentales aleatorizados conducidos en Finlandia que demuestran que el programa
reduce de manera significativa el acoso escolar y victimización denunciado por la propia víctima y
por sus compañeros, además de disminuir las represalias. Además, KiVa está siendo evaluado
actualmente en varios países y están surgiendo los primeros estudios que demuestran que es
también efectivo fuera de Finlandia. Sin embargo, ningún programa es eficaz por sí mismo, sino
que requiere implementación y seguimiento de alta calidad. Asimismo, hace falta un análisis más
profundo de las necesidades específicas contextuales que pueden influir en la eficiencia a la hora
de implementar el programa.
ABSTRACT:
Bullying is a global phenomenon that affects the wellbeing and learning of many students which
can have lifelong negative consequences. This article presents the scientific bases, the principle
components and the impact studies related to the Finnish program called KiVa, designed to work
against bullying. The program is based on socio-cognitive theories and primarily focuses on the
changes in attitude of the students that are neither victims nor perpetrators of bullying. The main
components of the program are universal actions (prevention), focalized actions (intervention)
and monitoring. The impact of the KiVa program is studied in-depth with various random
experimental studies conducted in Finland demonstrating that the program significantly reduces
bullying and victimization reported by both victims and class companions as well as reducing
reprisals. In addition, KiVa is currently being evaluated in several countries with the emergence
of first studies that demonstrate its effectiveness outside of Finland. Nonetheless, no program is
effective by itself, as it requires implementation and high-quality monitoring. Additionally, it
requires a more in-depth analysis of the specific contextual needs that can influence the degree of
effectiveness when implementing the program.
...
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https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/28749366
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