Leadership in Finnish elite football : associations between players’ self-assessed leadership roles and player-assessed head coach leadership behavior by player gender and age

Abstract

We investigated the associations between Finnish top tier footballers’ self-assessed leadership roles (task, motivational, social, external) and player-assessed head coach leadership behavior (supportiveness/emotional composure, negative activation) and leadership role in both practices and games. We also explored the player age- and gender-related differences. Online survey data were anonymously collected from 53 male and 91 female footballers. One player did not identify as male or female, and one chose not to answer the question. Spearman rank-order correlations revealed that players’ self-assessed leadership roles correlated positively with their evaluation of their head coach’s supportiveness/emotional composure and negatively with negative activation during practices and games. Independent samples T-tests showed that male footballers rated their head coaches lower on negative activation during games and practices and themselves higher on external leadership than female players. The youngest age group, aged 17–20, rated themselves also lower on external leadership than the three older groups.