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dc.contributor.authorBatty, G. David
dc.contributor.authorFrank, Philipp
dc.contributor.authorKujala, Urho M.
dc.contributor.authorSarna, Seppo J.
dc.contributor.authorKaprio, Jaakko
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-16T10:29:40Z
dc.date.available2023-06-16T10:29:40Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifier.citationBatty, G. D., Frank, P., Kujala, U. M., Sarna, S. J., & Kaprio, J. (2023). Suicide and depression in former contact sports participants : population-based cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. <i>EClinicalMedicine</i>, <i>60</i>, Article 102026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102026" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102026</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_183613920
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87867
dc.description.abstractBackground Former participants in sports characterised by low intensity repetitive head impact appear to have elevated rates of later dementia, but links with other psychological health outcomes such as depression and suicide are uncertain. We quantified the occurrence of these endpoints in former contact sports athletes against general population controls using new data from a cohort study and a meta-analysis. Methods The cohort study comprised 2004 retired male athletes, who had competed internationally as amateurs for Finland across a range of sports, and 1385 general population controls. All study members were linked to mortality and hospitalisation registries. In the PROSPERO-registered systematic review (CRD42022352780), we searched PubMed and Embase to October 31 2022 for cohort studies that reported standard estimates of association and precision. Study-specific estimates were aggregated in a random-effect meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to appraise the quality of each study. Findings In survival analyses of the Finnish cohort data, former boxers (depression: hazard ratio 1.43 [95% CI 0.73, 2.78]; suicide: 1.75 [0.64, 4.38]), Olympic-style wrestlers (depression: 0.94 [0.44, 2.00]; suicide: 1.60 [0.64, 3.99]), and soccer players (depression: 0.62 [0.26, 1.48]; suicide: 0.50 [0.11, 2.16]) did not have statistically higher rates of major depressive disorder or suicide at follow-up relative to controls. In the systematic review, 7 cohort studies met inclusion criteria. After aggregating results with the Finnish cohort, retired soccer players appeared to have a lower risk of depression (summary risk ratio: 0.71 [0.54, 0.93]) relative to general population controls, while the rate of suicide was statistically the same across groups (0.70 [0.40, 1.23]). Past participation in American football seemed to be associated with some protection against suicide (0.58 [0.43, 0.80]) but there were insufficient studies of depression in this sport to facilitate aggregation. The aggregation of results from the soccer and American football studies showed directionally consistent relationships and there was no indication of inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Interpretation Based on a small cluster of studies exclusively comprising men, retired soccer players had a lower rate of later depression and former American football players had a lower risk of suicide relative to comparator groups. Whether these findings are generalisable to women requires testing. Funding The preparation of this manuscript was unfunded.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEClinicalMedicine
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 4.0
dc.subject.othersuicide
dc.subject.otherdepression
dc.subject.othercontact sports
dc.subject.otherhead impact
dc.subject.othercohort study
dc.subject.othersystematic review
dc.subject.othermeta-analysis
dc.titleSuicide and depression in former contact sports participants : population-based cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306163922
dc.contributor.laitosLiikuntatieteellinen tiedekuntafi
dc.contributor.laitosFaculty of Sport and Health Sciencesen
dc.contributor.oppiaineLiikuntalääketiedefi
dc.contributor.oppiaineSports and Exercise Medicineen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn2589-5370
dc.relation.volume60
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysomielenterveyshäiriöt
dc.subject.ysourheilijat
dc.subject.ysonyrkkeilijät
dc.subject.ysometa-analyysi
dc.subject.ysoitsemurha
dc.subject.ysourheilu
dc.subject.ysomasennus
dc.subject.ysokontaktit
dc.subject.ysojalkapalloilijat
dc.subject.ysosystemaattiset kirjallisuuskatsaukset
dc.subject.ysokohorttitutkimus
dc.subject.ysopää
dc.subject.ysopainijat
dc.format.contentfulltext
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dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102026
jyx.fundinginformationThe preparation of this manuscript received no direct funding. GDB is supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/P023444/1) and the U.S. National Institute on Aging (1R56AG052519-01; 1R01AG052519-01A1); PF by the UK Economic and Social Research Council & Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Soc-B Centre for Doctoral Training); and JK by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (336823).
dc.type.okmA2


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