Hemoglobin mass and performance responses during 4 weeks of normobaric “live high–train low and high”
Kettunen, O., Leppävuori, A., Mikkonen, R., Peltonen, J. E., Nummela, A., Wikström, B., & Linnamo, V. (2023). Hemoglobin mass and performance responses during 4 weeks of normobaric “live high–train low and high”. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 33(8), 1335-1344. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14378
Authors
Date
2023Discipline
Valmennus- ja testausoppiLiikuntafysiologiaBiomekaniikkaScience of Sport Coaching and Fitness TestingExercise PhysiologyBiomechanicsCopyright
© 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Purpose
To investigate whether 4 weeks of normobaric “live high–train low and high” (LHTLH) causes different hematological, cardiorespiratory, and sea-level performance changes compared to living and training in normoxia during a preparation season.
Methods
Nineteen (13 women, 6 men) cross-country skiers competing at the national or international level completed a 28-day period (∼18 h day−1) of LHTLH in normobaric hypoxia of ∼2400 m (LHTLH group) including two 1 h low-intensity training sessions per week in normobaric hypoxia of 2500 m while continuing their normal training program in normoxia. Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was assessed using a carbon monoxide rebreathing method. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured using an incremental treadmill test. Measurements were completed at baseline and within 3 days after LHTLH. The control group skiers (CON) (seven women, eight men) performed the same tests while living and training in normoxia with ∼4 weeks between the tests.
Results
Hbmass in LHTLH increased 4.2 ± 1.7% from 772 ± 213 g (11.7 ± 1.4 g kg−1) to 805 ± 226 g (12.5 ± 1.6 g kg−1) (p < 0.001) while it was unchanged in CON (p = 0.21). TTE improved during the study regardless of the group (3.3 ± 3.4% in LHTLH; 4.3 ± 4.8% in CON, p < 0.001). VO2max did not increase in LHTLH (61.2 ± 8.7 mL kg−1 min−1 vs. 62.1 ± 7.6 mL kg−1 min−1, p = 0.36) while a significant increase was detected in CON (61.3 ± 8.0–64.0 ± 8.1 mL kg−1 min−1, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Four-week normobaric LHTLH was beneficial for increasing Hbmass but did not support the short-term development of maximal endurance performance and VO2max when compared to the athletes who lived and trained in normoxia.
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WileyISSN Search the Publication Forum
0905-7188Keywords
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https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/182976464
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- Liikuntatieteiden tiedekunta [3150]
Additional information about funding
This work was supported by Joint Authority of Kainuu region (ERDF, 308764), Finnish Ministry of Culture and Education (OKM/128/626/2021; OKM/39/626/2022), and Sports Institute Foundation (12/10/2021).License
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