Research into the Aspects of Cybersecurity Education in Higher Education
The importance of cybersecurity has increased due to the digitalization of society. In the last 10 years, the Finnish Cybersecurity Strategy has been released twice in 2013 and 2019. The newest cybersecurity strategy states as its third chapter the development of cybersecurity competence within society. To amend the strategy, an implementation plan was released for the years 2017–2019, and a development program was released in 2021. The first theme of the development program is to ensure top class knowledge and development of cyber security education in Finland.
During this time period, several degree programmes concentrating on cybersecurity have been established in Finland. In vocational education, the basic degree in Information and Communication Technology has been updated to contain the maintenance of cybersecurity as an elective module. In addition, several other steps have been taken to increase the knowledge around cybersecurity nationally.
This study concentrates on researching cybersecurity education from different perspectives. The study was scoped into cybersecurity education within the higher education institutions. The goal was to find and establish solid fundamentals on which the competences, knowledge, and skills, could be based. Viewpoints on national cybersecurity education were also researched internationally by comparing cybersecurity degrees abroad through a unified analysis framework. The research also included theses done within these degree programmes as well as graduate employment. When vocational education was updated to include cybersecurity, the decision was made to research how the industry needed the competences developed there.
As a conclusion, the framework chosen within this research was deemed valid for curriculum development and as an analysis tool for several aspects of cybersecurity education. This research also verified what kind of education would be most beneficial for a student focusing on cybersecurity. The dissertation also provides data and researched viewpoints to curriculum developers on how and what to establish their competence structure in degree programmes focusing on cybersecurity.
Keywords: cybersecurity, cybersecurity education, pedagogy
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Yhteiskunnan digitalisoituessa on kyberturvallisuuden tärkeys yhteiskunnassa noussut merkittävästi. Viimeisessä kymmenessä vuodessa Suomen kyberturvallisuusstrategia on julkaistu kahdesti; vuosina 2013 ja 2019. Uusimman kyberturvallisuusstrategian kolmantena kohtana on kyberturvallisuuden osaamisen kehittäminen yhteiskunnassa. Strategian täydennykseksi on julkaistu toimeenpano-ohjelma vuosille 2017–2019 ja viimeisimpänä kehittämisohjelma 2021. Kehittämisohjelmassa puolestaan ensimmäisenä kohtana on huippuluokan osaaminen ja toisena kohtana kyberturvallisuuden koulutuksen kehittäminen.
Tänä aikana on Suomen korkeakouluihin perustettu tutkinto-ohjelmia, jotka keskittyvät kyberturvallisuuteen. Ammatilliseen tieto ja-viestintätekniikan perustutkintoon on tullut kyberturvallisuuden ylläpitäminen valinnaiseksi tutkinnon osaksi. Näiden lisäksi on useita muita avauksia tehty kansakunnan kyberturvallisuuden tietotason nostamiseksi.
Tässä väitöksessä tutkitaan kyberturvallisuuden koulutusta eri näkökulmista. Tutkimuksen rajauksena oli korkeakouluissa toteutettava kyberturvallisuuden koulutus. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli löytää soveltuvat perusteet, johon kyberturvallisuuden tutkintokoulutuksen kompetenssit sekä kehitettävät tie-dot ja taidot pohjataan. Vertailukohtia kansalliseen kyberturvallisuuskoulutukseen haettiin myös ulkomaalaisten tutkintokoulutusten sisällöistä vertailemalla niitä yhtenevällä viitekehyksellä Suomessa toteutettavaan koulutukseen. Tutkimuksessa läpikäytiin myös tutkinto-ohjelmista tehtäviä opinnäytetöitä, sekä valmistuneiden sijoittumista työelämään. Ammatillisen tason tutkinnonperusteiden päivityttyä sisältämään kyberturvallisuutta, päätettiin myös tutkia sen osaamiskuvauksien tarvetta teollisuudessa.
Johtopäätöksenä todettiin, että käytetty viitekehys osoittautui päteväksi tutkinto-ohjelman kehityksessä, ja analysoinnin työkaluna eri osa-alueisiin kyberturvallisuuden opetuksessa. Tutkimuksen perusteella voitiin vahvistaa mitkä osa-alueet kyberturvallisuuden opetuksesta olisivat opiskelijalle hyödyllisimpiä. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella kyberturvallisuuden tutkinto-ohjelmia suunnittelevat henkilöt voivat paremmin pohjustaa miten ja kuinka perustaa tutkinto-ohjelmansa kompetenssirakenteen.
Avainsanat: kyberturvallisuus, kyberturvallisuuskoulutus, pedagogiikka
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Jyväskylän yliopistoISBN
978-951-39-9511-9ISSN Search the Publication Forum
2489-9003Contains publications
- Artikkeli I: Saharinen, K., Karjalainen, M. and Kokkonen, T. (2019). A Design Model for a Degree Programme in Cyber Security. ICETC 2019: Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers (pp. 3-7). DOI: 10.1145/3369255.3369266
- Artikkeli II: Saharinen, K., Backlund, J. and Nevala, J. (2020). Assessing Cyber Security Education through NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework. ICETC 2020: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers, 172–176. DOI: 10.1145/3436756.3437041
- Artikkeli III: Fischer-Hübner, S. Beckerle, M., Lluch Lafuente, A., Ruiz Martínez, A., Saharinen, K., Skarmeta, A. and Sterlini, P. (2020). Quality Criteria for Cyber Security MOOCs. 13th IFIP WG 11.8 World Conference, WISE 13, Proceedings. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59291-2_4
- Artikkeli IV: Jaurimaa, J., Saharinen, K. and Kotikoski, S. (2021). Critical infrastructure protection - Employer expectations for cyber security education in Finland. 20th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, 24th - 25th June 2021, Chester, UK. Full text
- Artikkeli V: Päijänen, J., Saharinen, K., Salonen, J., Sipola, T., Vykopal, J. and Kokkonen, T. (2021). Cyber Range - Preparing for Crisis or Something Just for Technical People?. 20th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, 24th - 25th June 2021, Chester, UK. DOI: 10.34190/EWS.21.012
- Artikkeli VI: Karinsalo, A., Saharinen, K., Päijänen, J. and Salonen, J. (2022). Pedagogical and self-reflecting approach to improving the learning within a cyber exercise. 21th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, 16th - 17th June 2022, Chester, UK. DOI: 10.34190/eccws.21.1.221
- Artikkeli VII: Saharinen, K., Viinikanoja, J. and Huotari, J. (2022). Researching Graduated Cyber Security Students – Reflecting Employment and Job Responsibilities through NICE framework. 21th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, 16th - 17th June 2022, Chester, UK. DOI: 10.34190/eccws.21.1.201
- Artikkeli VIII: Ovaska, J., Saharinen, K. and Sipola, T. (2022). Analysing Finnish Cybersecurity Thesis Topics Using Taxonomic Frameworks. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (CyberSciTech). DOI: 10.1109/DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/ Cy55231.2022.9927808
- Artikkeli IX: Saharinen, K., Leino, V., Kokkonen, T., Sipola, T. and Hämäläinen, T. Analysing Cybersecurity Education in Degree Programmes of Finnish Universities. Journal of Informa- tion and Computer Security. Submitted and Under Review.
- Artikkeli X: Saharinen, K., Sipola, T. and Kokkonen, T. (2022). Development Needs in Cybersecurity Education - Final report of the project, Chapter 5. Cybersecurity Education In Universities of Applied Sciences, 59-75. Informaa- tioteknologian tiedekunnan julkaisuja, 96/2022. University of Jyväskylä. Full text
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