Prototype surface contamination monitor with positional sensitivity
Tässä työssä rakennettiin prototyyppi pintakontaminaatiomittarista, joka kykeni
erottamaan alfa- ja beetasäteilyn toisistaan ja samanaikaisesti mittaamaan kyseisten
säteilylähteiden paikan. Motivaationa tälle työlle toimi tarve kehittää tekniikkaa, joka helpottaisi aktiivisuuskatteen paikkaherkkää määrittämistä pintakontaminaation
mittaamisessa. Erottelukyky alfa- ja beetasäteilyn välillä saavutettiin asettamalla kerros sinkkisulfidia polyvinyylitolueenista koostuvan tuikemuovin päälle, mittaamalla
emittoitunut valo piivalomonistimella, ja erottelemalla eri signaalit pulssimuotojensa
perusteella. Neliönmallisen detektorin paikkaherkkyys x-suunnassa saatiin aikaan
mittaamalla vaimentuneiden pulssien korkeuksien suhteita, kun tuikepulssi vaimeni
paikan funktiona edetessään tuikemuovissa. Paikkainformaatio y-suunnassa saatiin
sen perusteella, mistä tuike-elementistä signaali havaittiin. Rakennetun prototyypin ilmaisinala oli 10 cm × 10 cm. Alfa- ja beetasäteilyn erottelu toteutettiin onnistuneesti
ja laitteen paikkaresoluutioksi saatiin karkeasti 1 cm^2.
...
A prototype contamination monitor was built, which had the ability to separately detect alpha and beta radiation and the ability to simultaniously measure the position of the source of radiation. The motivation behind this work was the need to advance techniques towards locally quantifying surface activity when measuring radioactive surface contamination. The discrimination between alpha and beta radiation was achieved by layering zinc sulphide on a polyvinyltoluene plastic scintillator, measuring the yielded light with a silicon photomultiplier, and using pulse shape discrimination to analyze the two types of signals. Positional sensitivity in the x-direction on the square-shaped detector was achieved by measuring the ratio of pulse heights of attenuated signals, as the pulse height of a scintillation event was a function of position in the plastic scintillator. Positional information in the y-direction was based on which scintillator element the signal was detected from. The size of the detector area was 10 cm × 10 cm in the finished prototype. The discrimination between alpha radiation and beta radiation was succesful, and a positional accuracy of roughly 1 cm^2 was achieved.
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