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dc.contributor.authorPärssinen, Olavi
dc.contributor.authorLassila, Essi
dc.contributor.authorKauppinen, Markku
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-11T08:29:55Z
dc.date.available2022-11-11T08:29:55Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationPärssinen, O., Lassila, E., & Kauppinen, M. (2022). Associations of Children’s Close Reading Distance and Time Spent Indoors with Myopia, Based on Parental Questionnaire. <i>Children</i>, <i>9</i>(5), 632. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050632" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050632</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_144314123
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/83850
dc.description.abstractPurpose: To study the association of parents’ reports about their children’s near work and outdoor habits with myopia in their children. Methods: Data from a questionnaire study conducted in 1983 among Finnish schoolchildren were reanalyzed. Vision screening had been performed for all the schoolchildren (n = 4961) in the 1st, 5th, and 8th grades (7-, 11-, and 15-year-olds) in an area of Central Finland. The questionnaire, including information about myopia, was returned by 4305 (86.7%) participants. Items concerned parents’ estimates of their child’s habitual reading distance, time spent indoors as compared with age peers, daily near work, outdoors time, and parents’ myopia. The associations of myopia with these factors were studied. Results: Myopia prevalence in those with a habitual close reading distance vs. others was 14.3% vs. 2.1%, 28.7% vs. 13.1% and 45.8% vs. 24.7% for the 7-, 11- and 15-year-olds (p < 0.001 in all age-groups). Myopia prevalence in children reported by their parents as spending more time indoors than age peers was 10.9% vs. 2.8% (p < 0.001), 25.0% vs. 14.7% (p = 0.004) and 41.9% vs. 25.7% (p < 0.001) in the three age groups. Myopia prevalence among those reported as spending both more time indoors and reading at a close distance vs. others was 44.2% vs. 11.9% (Fisher’s exact t-test, p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression models, parental myopia almost doubled the risk of myopia in the 11- and 15-year-olds. ORs (95% CI) for myopia adjusted for parental myopia and sex were for close reading distance 7.381 (4.054–13.440), 2.382 (1.666–3.406), 2.237 (1.498–3.057), (p < 0.001), and for more time spent indoors, 3.692 (1.714–7.954), p = 0.001, 1.861 (1.157–2.992), p = 0.010), 1.700 (1.105–2.615), p = 0.016, in the three age groups. Conclusion: Children, especially 7-year-olds, reported by their parents as having a close reading distance and spending a lot of time indoors were associated with a higher risk for myopia.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartofseriesChildren
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.otherlukuetäisyys
dc.subject.otherparents opinion
dc.subject.otherchildren’s myopia
dc.subject.otherclose reading distance
dc.subject.othertime spent indoors
dc.subject.otheroutdoors
dc.subject.otherparents’ myopia
dc.subject.otherquestionnaire study
dc.titleAssociations of Children’s Close Reading Distance and Time Spent Indoors with Myopia, Based on Parental Questionnaire
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202211115148
dc.contributor.laitosLiikuntatieteellinen tiedekuntafi
dc.contributor.laitosFaculty of Sport and Health Sciencesen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.format.pagerange632
dc.relation.issn2227-9067
dc.relation.numberinseries5
dc.relation.volume9
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysoperinnöllisyys
dc.subject.ysolapset (ikäryhmät)
dc.subject.ysonäkö
dc.subject.ysoulkoilu
dc.subject.ysolukeminen
dc.subject.ysoajankäyttö
dc.subject.ysonuoret
dc.subject.ysolikinäköisyys
dc.subject.ysovanhemmat
dc.subject.ysogeneettiset tekijät
dc.subject.ysoesiintyvyys
dc.subject.ysokyselytutkimus
dc.subject.ysoriskitekijät
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p9514
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p4354
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p1451
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2771
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p11406
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p3367
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p11617
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5995
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p4074
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p21661
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p21428
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p10631
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p13277
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.3390/children9050632
jyx.fundinginformationThe study was supported by the Silmäsäätiö Foundation (20199914), Evald ja Hilda Nissi Foundation (2020).
dc.type.okmA1


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