No evidence for the predictive power of the N400 in vocabulary learning
Kognitiivinen neurotiede ja kasvatustiede ovat hiljattain integroituneet monitieteiseksi
alaksi, jota voisi suomalaisittain kutsua opetusalan aivotutkimukseksi. Sen yhtenä
kantavana ajatuksena on ollut, että aivotutkimuksesta kertynyt tieto auttaisi opetusalan
työntekijöitä löytämään uusia menetelmiä saada oppijat oppimaan. Tämä vaatii mallin
siitä, miten aivot tukevat kognitiivisia toimintoja.
Tässä tutkielmassa keskityttiin aikuisoppijoiden sanaston oppimisen tutkimiseen
magnetoenkefalografian avulla. Aikuisoppijoille opetettiin ärsykesarjan kautta, mitkä
visuaaliset objektit ja nimet kuuluvat yhteen. Tutkielmassa tarkasteltu N400 on
aivoaktiivisuudesta erotettava herätevaste, jonka voimakkuuden on havaittu riippuvan
siitä, kuinka paljon ärsykkeiden merkitys poikkeaa odotetusta. Mikäli N400 heijastaa
opiskeltujen sanojen merkitysten tallentumista muistiin, voidaan oppimistulosten ja
herätevasteen voimakkuuden ajatella kehittyvän rinnakkain.
Vastoin odotuksia ja aikaisempia tutkimuksia, voimakkuuserot N400-aikaikkunalla
eivät merkittävästi ennustaneet sanaston oppimista regressiomalleissa. Empiirisen
osuuden lisäksi tarkastellaan lyhyesti oppimiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä unesta liikuntaan
ja ruokavalioon. Kun tietoa koulusuoriutumisen aivoperustasta kertyy, opettajat voivat
tiivistää yhteistyötään kouluterveydenhuollon ja vanhempien kanssa.
...
Cognitive neuroscience and education have recently fused into a multidisciplinary field, educational neuroscience. One of its main tenets has been that knowledge accumulating from neuroscience would help educators discover new methods to promote learning. This requires a model of how the brain supports cognitive functions.
In the present work, magnetoencephalography was used to study vocabulary learning in adults. Participants were taught the connections between visual objects and names through a series of stimuli. The N400 is an evoked response discernible from brain activity, the amplitude of which has been found to depend on how much the meaning of a stimulus differs from the expected. If the N400 reflects the storage of studied word meanings in memory, performance in a corresponding memory task and N400 amplitude can be hypothesized to develop in parallel.
In contrast to expectations and previous studies, amplitude differences in the N400 time window did not significantly predict vocabulary learning in regression models. In addition to the empirical work, I briefly review some effects on learning of factors ranging from sleep to exercise and diet. As knowledge about the brain basis of educational attainment accumulates, educators may strengthen their collaboration with school health care and parents.
...
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