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dc.contributor.authorNiskanen, Joni
dc.contributor.authorLahtinen, Manu
dc.contributor.authorPerämäki, Siiri
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-25T05:26:19Z
dc.date.available2022-08-25T05:26:19Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationNiskanen, J., Lahtinen, M., & Perämäki, S. (2022). Acetic acid leaching of neodymium magnets and iron separation by simple oxidative precipitation. <i>Cleaner Engineering and Technology</i>, <i>10</i>, Article 100544. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100544" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100544</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_151751487
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/82803
dc.description.abstractNeodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) has become the most prominent permanent magnet alloy, with a wide variety of applications and an ever-increasing demand. Their recycling is important for securing the supply of critical raw materials used in their manufacturing. The use of organic acids such as acetic acid has been of recent interest for the recycling of waste NdFeB magnets. Despite achieving good leaching efficiencies, the published literature has not properly investigated the effects of key factors influencing the acetic acid leaching process and their respective interactions, which has lead to conflicting findings as to what conditions are optimal. The present work goes to show that no such optimum actually exists by taking a look at the major factors (concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, time and temperature) and their interactions. The results show that leaching efficiencies >95% and even up to 100% can be achieved using a variety of different conditions showing that the leaching reaction is quite flexible, which is helpful for a potential upscaling of the process. Separation of the leached elements presents another problem in NdFeB magnet processing. As a novel application, this work investigated iron separation from the acetic acid leachate by the means of simple and inexpensive aeration. It was found that up to 99% of iron could be precipitated as FeO(OH) (goethite) within 2 h at pH 5 and 80 °C, while only minor neodymium co-precipitation was observed (5%). Separation of iron from the leachate can help obtain purer REE products in further processing.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.relation.ispartofseriesCleaner Engineering and Technology
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.otherspent NdFeB magnet
dc.subject.otherrare earth element: REE
dc.subject.othercritical raw material
dc.subject.otheracetic acid leaching
dc.subject.otheriron precipitation
dc.titleAcetic acid leaching of neodymium magnets and iron separation by simple oxidative precipitation
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202208254336
dc.contributor.laitosKemian laitosfi
dc.contributor.laitosDepartment of Chemistryen
dc.contributor.oppiaineEpäorgaaninen kemiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineAnalyyttinen kemiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineEpäorgaaninen ja analyyttinen kemiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineResurssiviisausyhteisöfi
dc.contributor.oppiaineInorganic Chemistryen
dc.contributor.oppiaineAnalytical Chemistryen
dc.contributor.oppiaineInorganic and Analytical Chemistryen
dc.contributor.oppiaineSchool of Resource Wisdomen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn2666-7908
dc.relation.volume10
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2022 the Authors
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.relation.grantnumberA76928
dc.subject.ysokierrätys
dc.subject.ysoetikkahappo
dc.subject.ysometallit
dc.subject.ysouudelleenkäyttö
dc.subject.ysoharvinaiset maametallit
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5268
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p8313
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p3097
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p13211
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p15798
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.1016/j.clet.2022.100544
dc.relation.funderCouncil of Tampere Regionen
dc.relation.funderPirkanmaan liittofi
jyx.fundingprogramERDF European Regional Development Fund, React-EUen
jyx.fundingprogramEAKR Euroopan aluekehitysrahasto, React-EUfi
jyx.fundinginformationThe work was supported by the Department of Chemistry at University of Jyväskylä, and the experimental work received funding from the European Regional Development Fund (grant number: A76928). Hannu Salo is gratefully acknowledged for SEM-EDS imaging and analysis. Green Disposal Oy, Ltd is acknowledged for providing the waste NdFeB magnets.
dc.type.okmA1


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