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Chronic toxicity of sodium sulphate to two age groups of freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera

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Authors
Hu, Xiaoxuan
Date
2022
Discipline
Akvaattiset tieteetAquatic sciences
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The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyväskylä University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation).
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Sulfaatti on luonnossa esiintyvä anioni, jonka pitoisuudet ovat ihmistoiminnasta johtuen paikoittain korkeat. Pitkäaikaiset altistuskokeet ovat osoittaneet, että suurina pitoisuuksina sulfaatti vähentää makean veden eliöiden elinkykyä erityisesti häiritsemällä eliöiden vesi- ja suolatasapainon säätelyä. Tästä huolimatta useimmissa maissa sulfaatille ei ole käytössä ympäristölaatunormia. Sulfaatin myrkyllisyyteen vaikuttaa ympäristöolot ja etenkin veden kovuus ja siten haitallisia pitoisuuksia ja vaikutuksia on tulkittava suhteessa paikallisiin ja alueellisiin oloihin. Osana hanketta, jonka tavoitteena on määrittää sulfaatille lajiherkkyysjakauma (Species sensitivity distribution) ja ympäristölaatunormi pehmeissä suomalaisissa vesissä sovellettavaksi, tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin sulfaatin kroonisia vaikutuksia seitsemän viikon ikäisille nuorille ja kahden vuoden ikäisille vanhemmille jokihelmisimpukoille (Margaritifera margaritifera). Simpukoita altistettiin 28 päivän ajan pehmeässä koevedessä eri natriumsulfaattiapitoisuuksissa. Seitsemän viikkoa vanhojen simpukoiden LC10 sulfaattipitoisuus oli 1051 mg/L ja EC10 sulfaattipitoisuus 456 mg/L. Kahden vuoden ikäisten simpukoiden LC10 sulfaattipitoisuus oli 683 mg/L. Krooninen sulfaattialtistus suurena pitoisuutena alensi tilastollisesti merkitsevästi seitsemän viikkoa vanhojen simpukoiden suhteellista vesipitoisuutta ja hidasti simpukoiden kasvua. Kasvun muutokset aiheutuivat todennäköisesti vesi- ja ionitasapainon säätelyn, hengitysveden kierron ja ruokailun häiriintymisestä. ...
 
Sulphate is one primary ion found in elevated concentrations in waterways due to anthropogenic activities. Chronic exposure of sub-lethal sulphate concentrations has been found to reduce fitness in freshwater invertebrates, especially via inducing overall osmotic pressure. However, sulphate water quality guidelines have been lacking in most countries. Since sulphate toxicity is also context-specific and dependent on water hardness of the region, local data are needed in the effective development of regional environmental quality standards (EQS). As part of a Species Sensitivity Distribution project to derive sulphate EQS in the soft Finnish freshwaters, this study examined the chronic effect of sulphate on endangered keystone species, Margaritifera margaritifera. 7-week-old juveniles and 2-year-old mussels were exposed to different sulphate concentrations in soft water for 28 days. The 7-week-old juveniles had a lethal concentration (LC10) of 1051 mg/L and an effective concentration (EC10) of 456 mg/L, while the 2-year-old mussels had a LC10 of 683 mg/L. Chronic sulphate exposure significantly reduced relative water content in 7-week-old juveniles and inhibited mussel growth, possibly via creating high osmoregulatory stress and limiting pedal feeding as well as valve movement. ...
 
Keywords
EQS soft water simpukat sulfaatit vedenlaatu ekotoksikologia suolaisuus bivalvia sulfates water quality ecotoxicology salinity
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http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202202021382

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