Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients
Valtonen, R. I. P., Hintsala, H. H. E., Kiviniemi, A., Kenttä, T., Crandall, C., van Marken, L. W., Perkiömäki, J., Hautala, A., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2022). Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(1), 223-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x
Published in
European Journal of Applied PhysiologyAuthors
Date
2022Copyright
© 2021 the Authors
Purpose
Upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment may increase cardiovascular strain, which could be detrimental to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compared cardiovascular responses of CAD patients during graded upper-body dynamic and static exercise in cold and neutral environments.
Methods
20 patients with stable CAD performed 30 min of progressive dynamic (light, moderate, and heavy rating of perceived exertion) and static (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction) upper body exercise in cold (− 15 °C) and neutral (+ 22 °C) environments. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiographic (ECG) responses were recorded and rate pressure product (RPP) calculated.
Results
Dynamic-graded upper-body exercise in the cold increased HR by 2.3–4.8% (p = 0.002–0.040), MAP by 3.9–5.9% (p = 0.038–0.454) and RPP by 18.1–24.4% (p = 0.002–0.020) when compared to the neutral environment. Static graded upper-body exercise in the cold resulted in higher MAP (6.3–9.1%; p = 0.000–0.014), lower HR (4.1–7.2%; p = 0.009–0.033), but unaltered RPP compared to a neutral environment. Heavy dynamic exercise resulted in ST depression that was not related to temperature. Otherwise, ECG was largely unaltered during exercise in either thermal condition.
Conclusions
Dynamic- and static-graded upper-body exercise in the cold involves higher cardiovascular strain compared with a neutral environment among patients with stable CAD. However, no marked changes in electric cardiac function were observed. The results support the use of upper-body exercise in the cold in patients with stable CAD.
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Publisher
Springer Science+Business MediaISSN Search the Publication Forum
1439-6319Keywords
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https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/101544797
Metadata
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Additional information about funding
Open access funding provided by University of Oulu including Oulu University Hospital. The study was funded through grants from the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture (TI, RV, HH, AK) (CadColdEx OKM/84/626/2014, OKM/44/626/2015, OKM/31/626/2016, RV, HH, AK) and (ActiCard OKM/54/626/2019, OKM/85/626/2019, OKM/1096/626/2020, RV), Yrjö Jahnsson Foun-dation (TI, HH), Juho Vainio Foundation (RV). ...License
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