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Keinotekoinen uoma taimenen (Salmo trutta L.) elinympäristönä verrattuna luonnonuomiin

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Authors
Koski, Alisa
Date
2021
Discipline
Akvaattiset tieteetAquatic sciences
Copyright
This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.

 
Virtavesiympäristöjen biodiversiteetti heikkenee mm. jokien patoamisen takia. Ekologinen kompensaatio on biodiversiteetin palauttamisen tapa, jossa yhdellä alueella tapahtunut ympäristön tuhoutuminen kompensoidaan uudella alueella elinympäristöjä rakentamalla. Virtavesissä ekologista kompensaatiota voidaan toteuttaa rakentamalla keinotekoisia habitaatteja. Tässä tutkielmassa seurattiin keinotekoisen uoman, Imatran kaupunkipuron, taimenpopulaatiota (Salmo trutta L.). Yksi puron tehtävistä on kompensoida Imatrankosken vesivoimalan aiheuttamaa koskiympäristön häviämistä. Purosta laskettiin pesien määrä ja mätitiheys, taimenenpoikasten sorastanousuajankohta arvioitiin Elliottin ja Hurleyn menetelmällä ja jokipoikastiheys ja -säilyvyys mädistä eri ikäisiksi poikasiksi arvioitiin sähkökoekalastuksella. Tuloksia verrattiin luonnollisiin virtavesiin: sorastanousuajankohtaa ja pesä- ja mätitiheyttä Partakoskeen ja Läsänkoskeen ja jokipoikastiheyttä ja -säilyvyyttä Kiertojokeen ja Saajokeen. Imatran kaupunkipuron taimenenpoikasten sorastanousuajankohta ei poikennut luonnontilaisista uomista ja jokipoikastiheys oli korkeampi Imatranpurossa kuin luonnollisissa puroissa. Sorastanousuajankohdan ja alkioiden säilyvyyden samankaltaisuuden ja jokipoikastiheyden perusteella Imatran kaupunkipuro on taimenelle onnistunut kompensaatiohabitaatti, joka pystyy tarjoamaan hyvät olosuhteet taimenpopulaatiolle. Pinta-alaltaan ja virtaamaltaan puro on kuitenkin hyvin pieni verrattuna paikalla aikoinaan vapaasti laskeneeseen koskijaksoon. ...
 
Biodiversity is declining globally, and lotic environments have not been spared from this problem. In rivers, one of the key causes of biodiversity loss is river damming and its consequences. Habitat offsetting is a way to mitigate biodiversity loss, in which habitat loss in one location is compensated in another. In lotic environments, habitat offsetting can be done using a variety of measures, e.g. mitigation habitat in bypass by a dam or a hydropower plant. In this thesis, a constructed channel in Imatra called Imatra City Brook (ICB) and its brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) population were studied. ICB was built partly to compensate the loss of riffle habitat caused by the Imatrankoski hydropower plant. The emergence period for brown trout fry was estimated and also redd and parr and density and survival were estimated. These indices were compared to natural streams; emergence period and redd density were compared to rivers Partakoski and Läsänkoski, and parr density was compared to streams Kiertojoki and Saajoki. The emergence period did not differ from natural streams, and parr density was significantly higher in ICB than in the reference streams. Redd density was similar to Läsänkoski. Based on the similarity in emergence period and high parr density, ICB seems to meet the needs of brown trout sufficiently and offers a considerably good compensation habitat. However, ICB is a small compensation habitat compared to the area and flow lost under the adjacent hydropower plant. ...
 
Keywords
jokijatkumo patoaminen off-setting river continuity river damming ekologinen kompensaatio purot virtavedet luonnonsuojelu Imatrankoski Imatra joet kompensointi luonnon monimuotoisuus kalatiet biodiversiteetti
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http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202110125218

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