Immunoprofiles and DNA Methylation of Inflammatory Marker Genes in Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Tumorigenesis
Mäki-Nevala, S., Ukwattage, S., Wirta, E.-V., Ahtiainen, M., Ristimäki, A., Seppälä, T. T., Lepistö, A., Mecklin, J.-P., & Peltomäki, P. (2021). Immunoprofiles and DNA Methylation of Inflammatory Marker Genes in Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules, 11(10), Article 1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11101440
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2021Copyright
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Immunological and epigenetic changes are interconnected and contribute to tumorigenesis. We determined the immunoprofiles and promoter methylation of inflammation-related genes for colitis-associated colorectal carcinomas (CA-CRC). The results were compared with Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated colorectal tumors, which are characterized by an active immune environment through inherited mismatch repair defects. CA-CRCs (n = 31) were immunohistochemically evaluated for immune cell scores (ICSs) and PDCD1 and CD274 expression. Seven inflammation-associated genes (CD274, NTSR1, PPARG, PTGS2, PYCARD, SOCS1, and SOCS2), the repair gene MGMT, and eight standard marker genes for the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) were investigated for promoter methylation in CA-CRCs, LS tumors (n = 29), and paired normal mucosae by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. All but one CA-CRCs were microsatellite-stable and all LS tumors were microsatellite-unstable. Most CA-CRCs had a high ICS (55%) and a positive CD274 expression in immune cells (52%). NTSR1 revealed frequent tumor-specific hypermethylation in CA-CRC and LS. When compared to LS mucosae, normal mucosae from patients with CA-CRC showed significantly higher methylation of NTSR1 and most CIMP markers. In conclusion, CA-CRCs share a frequent ICShigh/CD274pos expression pattern with LS tumors. Elevated methylation in normal mucosa may indicate field cancerization as a feature of CA-CRC-associated tumorigenesis.
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This study was funded by Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation (to P.P., J.‐P.M. and T.T.S.); the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 330606 to P.P. and 331284 to S.M.‐N.); the Finnish Cancer Foundation (to P.P., J.‐P.M., T.T.S. and A.R.); Finnish Medical Foundation (to T.T.S.); Emil Aaltonen Foundation (to T.T.S.); the Sigrid Juselius Foundation (to P.P., T.T.S. and A.R.) and the HiLIFE Fel‐ lows 2017–2020 (to P.P.). ...License
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