Transmission of Triaenophorus crassus from copepod first to coregonid second intermediate hosts and effects on intermediate hosts
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1999Factors affecting transmission of Triaenophorus crassus (Cestoda) from copepod first to coregonid second intermediate hosts were studied using field data from three areas at Lake Saimaa, SE Finland, as well as data from experimental infections of hosts in the laboratory. In Lake Saimaa whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus s.l.) were frequently infected with T. crassus plerocercoids, but vendace (C. albula) only accidentally. Stomach samples indicated that both fish species consumed copepod species that were suitable as hosts. In experimental infections whitefish became infected with T. crassus but vendace did not. Abundances of a benthically transmitted nematode Cystidicola farionis in whitefish indicated that as a superior competitor for planktonic food, vendace, when abundant, may displace whitefish from feeding on plankton and force it to rely more on benthic food. Vendace stock strength did not, however, affect the abundance of T. crassus in whitefish. This is possibly due to synchronization of the transmission of the parasite to the seasonal feeding behaviour of coregonids in spring in the littoral zone, when copepods are the only abundant food available for both whitefish and vendace. Vendace, however, do not become infected even though they eat infected copepods, since T. crassus is less infective for vendace than whitefish. In the first intermediate host (Cyclops strenuus), T. crassus infection affected the copepod's feeding, fecundity and survival and caused changes in swimming behaviour and microhabitat selection and an increased susceptibility to predation by whitefish juveniles in the laboratory. However, evidence that the behavioural alterations in copepods were caused by active manipulation adaptive to the parasite was not clear. In whitefish, the accumulation of the plerocercoids seemed to increase in the oldest hosts, in which also the effects of T. crassus infection on growth were concentrated. However, no evidence of parasite-induced mortality was found.
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978-951-39-8718-3Contains publications
- Artikkeli I: Pulkkinen, K., & Valtonen, T. (1998). The use of parasites as tags to elucidate differences between whitefish populations. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Special Issues, Advances in Limnology, 50, 257-271.
- Artikkeli II: Pulkkinen, K., Valtonen, T., Niemi, A., & Poikola, K. (1999). The influence of food competition and host specificity on the transmission of Triaenophorus crassus (Cestoda) and Cystidicola farionis (Nematoda) to Coregonus lavaretus and Coregonus albula (Pisces: Coregonidae) in Finland. International Journal of Parasitology, 29, 1753-1763. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00128-9
- Artikkeli III: Pulkkinen, K., & Valtonen, T. (1999). Accumulation of plerocercoids of Triaenophorus crassus in the second intermediate host Coregonus lavaretus and their effect on growth of the host. Journal of Fish Biology, 55, 115-126. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00661.x
- Artikkeli IV: Pulkkinen, K., Hasu, T., Valtonen, T., & Pasternak, A. (2000). Effect of Triaenophorus crassus (Cestoda) infection on the behavior and susceptibility to predation of the first intermediate host Cyclops strenuus (Copepoda). Journal of Parasitology, 4(86), 664-670. DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0664:EOTCCI]2.0.CO;2
- Artikkeli V: Pulkkinen, K., Valtonen, T., Hasu, T., Pasternak, A., & Mikheev, V. N. (1999). Factors affecting abundance of Triaenophorus infection in Cyclops strenuus and parasite-induced changes in host fitness. International Journal for Parasitology, 29(nro), 1793-1801. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00108-3
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