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Functional DNA nanostructures for molecular transportation and biosensing

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JYU dissertations
Authors
Ijäs, Heini
Date
2021

 
In this thesis, DNA nanostructures were constructed with the DNA origami method and their ability to function as stimuli-responsive nanoscale devices and molecular transport vehicles was studied. DNA origami structures can be utilized e.g. in the development of biosensing techniques and biomedical applications. For this, their functionality, suitability for the transportation and encapsulation of cargo, and structural stability in physiological conditions need to be thoroughly characterized. In the first experimental part of the work, two pH-responsive DNA origami devices were designed and their functionality was studied: DNA nanocapsules for molecular transportation and zipper-like DNA origami structures for biosensor development. Spectroscopic and electrochemical methods were applied to confirm that the conformational state of the devices could be controlled accurately and repeatedly with the solution pH by functionalizing the devices site-specifically with DNA triplexes. For studying molecular transportation, the nanocapsules were loaded with gold nanoparticles and enzymes, and an encapsulation and display of the loaded cargo could be induced by changing the solution pH. In addition, the binding of the anticancer drug doxorubicin to DNA origami structures was characterized, yielding improved understanding on how DNA origami structures can be harnessed for transportation of DNA intercalators. Finally, the structural stability of the developed DNA origami nanocarriers under destabilizing physiological factors was studied. The nanocapsule was shown to remain functional in physiologically relevant salt conditions. The nuclease digestion rates of doxorubicin-loaded DNA origami structures depended both on the DNA origami superstructure and the doxorubicin loading density, yielding doxorubicin release at customizable rates. The detailed biophysical and biochemical characterization of functional DNA origami nanostructures presented in this thesis will help building a solid ground for the development of DNA nanostructure –based applications. ...
 
Tässä väitöskirjatyössä valmistettiin DNA-origamitekniikan avulla DNA-nanorakenteita ja tutkittiin niiden toimintaa ympäristön ärsykkeisiin reagoivina laitteina ja molekyylikuljettimina. DNA-origamirakenteita voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi biosensoritekniikoiden ja biolääketieteen menetelmien kehittämiseen. Näitä sovelluskohteita varten niiden toiminnalisuus, soveltuvuus (lääkaine)molekyylien kuljetukseen ja kapselointiin sekä rakenteellinen kestävyys fysiologisissa olosuhteissa täytyy määrittää läpikotaisesti. Työn ensimmäisessä kokeellisessa osassa suunniteltiin kaksi pH-responsiivista DNA-origamilaitetta ja tutkittiin niiden rakennemuutoksia pH:n muuttuessa. Työssä valmistettiin DNA-nanokapseli molekyylien kuljetukseen ja vetoketjumainen DNA-origamirakenne biosensoreiden kehitykseen. Spektroskooppisten ja sähkökemiallisten mittausten avulla määritettiin, että paikkaspesifisesti DNA-kolmoisjuosteilla funktionalisoitujen laitteiden rakenteellista tilaa voitiin hallita tarkasti ja toistettavasti pH:n avulla. Molekyylikuljetusta tutkittiin lataamalla DNA-nanokapselit kultananopartikkeleilla ja entsyymeillä, jotka voitiin sulkea kapseleiden sisälle ja paljastaa ympäristölle pH:ta muuttamalla. Lisäksi karakterisoitiin syöpälääke doksorubisiinin sitoutumista DNA-origameihin ja saatiin tarkempaa tietoa siitä, miten DNA-nanorakenteita voidaan hyödyntää DNA-interkalaattorien kuljetuksessa. Lopuksi tutkittiin valmistettujen DNA-nanokuljettimien kestävyyttä fysiologisissa olosuhteissa. Nanokapselit pysyivät toiminnallisina fysiologisissa suolapitoisuuksissa. Doksorubisiinilla ladattujen DNA-origamien muoto ja niihin sitoutuneen doksorubisiinin määrä vaikuttivat siihen, miten nopeasti rakenteet hajosivat nukleaasien vaikutuksesta. Tämän seurauksena doksorubisiini vapautui ympäristöön kustomoitavilla nopeuksilla. Työssä esitetty yksityiskohtainen biofysikaalinen ja –kemiallinen karakterisointi luo kokonaisvaltaista pohjaa DNA nanorakenteiden sovelluskehitykselle. ...
 
ISBN
978-951-39-8556-1
Contains publications
  • Artikkeli I: Ijäs, H., Nummelin, S., Shen, B., Kostiainen, M. A., & Linko, V. (2018). Dynamic DNA Origami Devices : from Strand-Displacement Reactions to External-Stimuli Responsive Systems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19 (7), 2114. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072114
  • Artikkeli II: Ijäs, H., Hakaste, I., Shen, B., Kostiainen, M. A., & Linko, V. (2019). Reconfigurable DNA Origami Nanocapsule for pH-Controlled Encapsulation and Display of Cargo. ACS Nano, 13 (5), 5959-5967. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01857
  • Artikkeli III: Williamson P., Ijäs H., Shen B., Corrigan D.K. & Linko V. 2021. Probing the conformational states of a pH-sensitive DNA origami zipper via label-free electrochemical methods. Submitted manuscript.
  • Artikkeli IV: Ijäs H., Shen B., Heuer-Jungemann A., Keller A., Kostiainen M.A., Liedl T., Ihalainen J.A. & Linko V. 2021. Unraveling the interaction between doxorubicin and DNA origami nanostructures for customizable chemotherapeutic drug release. Nucleic Acids Research. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab097
Keywords
nanorakenteet DNA kapselit lääkeaineet lääkkeenkantajat biosensorit nanohiukkaset entsyymit nanobiotekniikka nanolääketiede DNA origami DNA triplexes doxorubicin drug delivery enzymes fluorescence nanoparticles
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8556-1

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