Microbiology of biological filters in recirculating aquaculture systems
As aquaculture production continues to increase, new technologies have been
developed to minimize nutrient emissions or even recover them into other
applications. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) may increase aquaculture
production in areas where water source is limited, and the amount of nutrient
discharges affects the granting of environmental licenses. The cost–effectiveness
of RAS limits the future expansion of the technology, and in particular, the
management of the microbial environment has become one of the main
challenges affecting the operation of RAS farms. In this dissertation, I examined
the microbiology of RAS. The work focused on the nitrification process and
microbial community composition in bioreactors and their connections to
changes in water quality. Nitrification may be rapidly started by adding
ammonia and nitrite salts to the system. I found that bioreactors had diverse
microbial communities that affected several water quality parameters. The main
function of microbial communities found in freshwater RAS compartments was
the degradation of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. When RAS was
changed to use brackish water, microbial communities were seen to slowly adapt.
However, the degradation of carbohydrates decreased, which was also reflected
in elevated concentrations of total organic carbon and the dissolved organic
matter in the water. Desinfectant (peracetic acid) addition improved water
quality and did not disturb biofilter microbial communities. The fixed bed
bioreactors (FBBR) trap solids and organic matter inside the reactor, but
potentially also host bacterial communities specialised in the degradation of
organic matter. Nitrification performance was decreased in the FBBR, but this
may have been caused by the incorrect design of the reactor. The moving bed
bioreactors (MBBR) may release the excess bacterial biomass into the water, but
the technique kept the biofilm thin and allowed for a functionally diverse
bacterial community.
Keywords: 16S rRNA gene; bacterial communities; microbiome; next-generation
sequencing; nitrification; rainbow trout; quantitative PCR.
...
Publisher
Jyväskylän yliopistoISBN
978-951-39-8197-6ISSN Search the Publication Forum
2489-9003Contains publications
- Artikkeli I: Pulkkinen J.T., Kiuru T., Aalto S.L., Koskela J. & Vielma J. 2018. Startup and effects of relative water renewal rate on water quality and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a unique RAS research platform. Aquacultural Engineering 82: 38–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.06.003
- Artikkeli II: Pulkkinen J.T., Eriksson-Kallio A.M., Aalto S.L., Tiirola M., Koskela J., Kiuru T. & Vielma J. 2019. The effects of different combinations of fixed and moving bed bioreactors on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and health, water quality and nitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 85: 98–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2019.03.004
- Artikkeli III: Suurnäkki S., Pulkkinen J.T., Lindholm-Lehto P.C., Tiirola M. & Aalto S.L. 2020. The effect of peracetic acid on microbial community, water quality, nitrification and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) performance in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 516, 734534. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734534
- Artikkeli IV: Pulkkinen J.T., Aalto S.L., Suurnäkki S., Vielma J. & Tiirola M. 2020. Microbiology of different compartments of freshwater and brackish water recirculating aquaculture systems. Submitted manuscript.
Keywords
vesiviljely (kalatalous) kalanviljely kirjolohi vedenpuhdistus biologinen puhdistus suodatus aineiden kierto nitrifikaatio bioreaktorit mikrobisto bakteerit DNA-analyysi polymeraasiketjureaktio 165 rRNA gene bacterial communities microbiome next-generation sequencing nitrification rainbow trout quantitative PCR
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