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Effect of freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) infection on virulence of flavobacterium columnare in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

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Authors
Roy, Amitav
Date
2019
Discipline
Master's Degree Programme in Sustainable management of Inland Aquatic ResourcesMaster's Degree Programme in Sustainable management of Inland Aquatic Resources
Copyright
This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.

 
Flavobacterium columnare on bakteeri, joka aiheuttaa kaloissa ns. lämpimän veden tautia (kolumnaris-tauti), mikä puolestaan aiheuttaa kuolleisuutta kalaisännissään. Erityisesti Pohjois-Euroopan alueella kesäaikana veden lämpötilan ollessa korkea tämä bakteeri voi olla hyvin haitallinen. Koska tautia vastaan ei ole toimivaa rokotetta, on antibioottien käyttö ainoa keino taudin haittojen vähentämiseksi kalanviljelylaitoksilla, mikä voi johtaa antibioottiresistenssin kehittymiseen. Kolumnaris-taudin kohteena olevat lohikalat ovat myös jokihelmisimpukan eli raakun isäntäkaloja, joten F. columnaren ja raakun glokidium-toukkien yhteisinfektio esimerkiksi taimenessa on mahdollinen. Yleensä aiempi loisinfektio lisää alttiutta uusille infektioille. Raakun glokidium-infektion on todettu haittaavan kalaisäntää esimerkiksi vaikeuttamalla hengitystä ja alentamalla kalan kasvua. Tutkin tässä työssä raakun glokidium-infektion vaikutusta taimenen alttiuteen kolumnaris.-taudille—tutkimushypoteesi ollessa, että raakkuinfektio lisää kalan alttiutta F. columnare -taudille. Raakun glokidium-toukilla laboratoriossa infektoidut (ja infektoimattomat kontrolliyksilöt) altistettiin virulentille F. columnare –kannalle ja seurattiin kalojen elossapysymistä. Kahdenkymmenenyhdeksän tunnin tarkkailujakson aikana kaikki bakteerille altistetut kalat (n = 150) kuolivat, kun altistamattomista vain yksi menehtyi (n = 146). Bakteeri-altistettujen kalojen joukossa glokidium-infektoitujen yksilöiden elinaika oli tilastollisesti merkitsevästi pidempi kun ei-infektoitujen kontrollikalojen elinaika. Bakteeri-altistuneista kaloista ne infektoitiin FPM-glokidialla ennen kuin altistus säilyi tilastollisesti merkittävästi pitempään - sekä pian (kaksi kuukautta) FPM-infektion (liitteenä glochidia) jälkeen että 14 kuukautta infektion jälkeen (glochidia irrotettu).Lisäksi jälkimmäisessä ryhmässä glokidium-toukkien lukumäärän ja elossapysymisajan välillä oli tilastollisesti merkitsevä, positiivinen korrelaatio. Mekanismia alentuneen kuolevuuden taustalla glokidium-infektoiduilla kaloilla ei tunneta, eikä sitä onko kyseessä pelkästää raakun toukille ominainen ilmiö. Tulos viittaa siihen, että jokihelmisimpukan glokidium-toukkainfektio muokkaa kalan alttiutta kolumnaris-taudille aikana ja jopa alentaa F. columnare -bakteerin haitallisuutta taimenessa. ...
 
Freshwater Pearl Mussel (FPM) Margaritifera margaritifera glochidia is an obligatory gill parasite to its salmonid host, brown trout (Salmo trutta). In general, it has been reported that parasiteic infections usually increase its host´s susceptibility to other secondary infections including bacterial infection. Flavobacterium columnare is a bacterium agent causing warm water disease (columnaris disease) in fish, which can result in a high mortality in fish populations at fish farms. Especially, in the northern Europe region, in the summer time with higher temperature this bacterium can be lethal to young salmonids. Therefore, in this study it was hypothesized that FPM glochidia will increase the mortality of its salmonid host during the co-infection with F. columnare. I exposed experimentally FPM-infected (glochidia attached and detached) and uninfected (control) brown trout (Salmo trutta) to a virulent F. columnare strain and measure survival time of fish. In an observation period of 29 hours, all the bacterium-exposed fish (n = 150) died while only one of the unexposed individuals (n =146) was dead. Among the bacterium-exposed fish, those were infected with FPM glochidia before the exposure survived statistically significantly longer—both shortly (two months) after the FPM infection (glochidia attached) and 14 months after the infection (glochidia detached). In addition, in the latter fish group, there was a statistically significant, positive correlation between FPM glochidia number and survival time of fish. The mechanism of lowered mortality among the FPM-infected fish, or whether the effect is FPM specific, is not known. However, these results suggest that the brown trout-F. columnare relationship can be modified by previous FPM infection, and possibly even decrease the virulence of F. columnare in brown trout. ...
 
Keywords
infektiot taimen virulenssi bakteerit jokihelmisimpukka infections trout virulence bacteria Margaritana margaritifera
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201906263444

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