Conservation status of the Endangered Pygmy Hippopotamus choeropsis liberiensis in Sapo National Park

Abstract

Sapo National Park (SNP), Liberia’s largest protected area is globally recognized as a biodiversity hotspot and a stronghold for many threatened species in the Upper Guinea Rainforest, including the Endangered pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis. However, little is known about the current status (distribution, population density, and threats) of the pygmy hippopotamus in SNP. To address this data gap, this study surveyed 62 transects of 2 km each across the SNP and set up camera traps in the south-western part of the park where the first footage of this species was recorded in 2011. Pygmy hippopotamus signs were recorded on 11 transects with an estimate of about 22 individuals. Out of 24 camera traps, pygmy hippopotamus were captured by four cameras in 178 images. The distribution map showed high concentration of the species in the south-western part of SNP compared to other areas. In addition, hunting signs including trails, camps and gun shells were recorded and increasing mining activity was also observed in this part of the park. While this study reconfirms the presence of the species, the presence of anthropogenic threats in the areas where the species is present, plus anecdotal evidence from local communities about the killing of the animal suggests that they face huge existential threats. Findings from this study will provide baseline information for future research and will inform management practices aimed at more effectively managing SNP as an important habitat for pygmy hippopotamus.