Phase space methods in open quantum systems
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2018Copyright
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In this work we extend the phase space approach of quantum mechanics to open quantum systems. Using the formalism of generalized coherent states and the time-dependent variational principle, phase space Langevin equations are derived for harmonic oscillator and spin systems. It is proved that the former is fully consistent with the quantum master equation. The latter, however, is an approximation that is accurate for large spin numbers or low temperatures. Tutkielmassani sovellan kvanttimekaniikan vaiheavaruusmenetelmiä avoimien kvanttisysteemien ongelmaan. Johdan nk. Langevin-yhtälöt vaiheavaruudessa harmoniselle värähtelijälle sekä spin-systeemeille hyödyntäen yleistettyjä koherentteja tiloja ja aikariippuvaa variaatioperiaatetta. Osoitan tämän menetelmän vastaavan täysin kvanttimekaanista master-yhtälöä harmonisen oskillaattorin tapauksessa. Spin-systeemeille saadaan approksimaatio, joka lähestyy tunnettuja tuloksia matalilla lämpötiloilla ja suurilla spin-luvuilla.
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