Measuring the non-linear hydrodynamic response of higher flow harmonics in Pb-Pb at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV
Ultrarelativistisissa raskasionitörmäyksissä syntyvän kvarkki-gluoniplasman (QGP) dynamiikkaa on relativistisella hydrodynamiikalla kuvattu erittäin vakuuttavasti. Teorian vapaa parametri, keskimääräinen viskositeetti-entropiasuhde, on kuitenkin vielä tarkasti määrittämättä. Alustamalla törmäyksen alkutila teoreettisesti sekä soveltamalla relativistista hydrodynamiikkaa QGP:n evoluution mallintamiseen, saadaan viskositeettia tarkastelemalla käsitys QGP:n rakennesosien välisten vuorovaikutusten vahvuuksista, minkä lisäksi voidaan ymmärtää plasman evoluutioon vaikuttavia tekijöitä.
Tavanomaisesti QGP:n viskositeetti määritetään vertailemalla teoreettisen alkutilan eksentrisyyden lineaarista suhdetta kokeellisesti saatavan lopputilan anisotrooppisuuteen. Alkutilan tuoman teoreettisen virheen takia tämä lineaarisiin suhteisiin perustuva analyysi on kuitenkin ollut riittämätöntä. Uusien tutkimusten mukaan vaste korkeammissa kertaluokissa on epälineaarinen. Muodostamalla lineaarisen sekä epälineaarisen vasteen hajotelma saadaan sarja alkutilasta ja sen fluktuaatioista riippumattomia kertoimia, joilla alkutilan epävarmuutta voidaan poistaa. Tässä työssä esitän kertoimien mittaukset LHC/ALICE Pb-Pb sqrt(s_NN)=2,76 TeV datasta. Mittauksia vertaillaan teoreettisiin tuloksiin useista eri julkaisuista.
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In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion physics, one of the greatest remaining questions is the interaction properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), i.e. nuclear matter at extreme temperatures. The dynamics of the QGP have been modeled by relativistic hydrodynamics to an impressive level of success. Despite this the free parameter in the theory, the shear viscosity to entropy ratio, is yet to be accurately constrained. By the combined application of carefully constructed initial conditions and the hydrodynamical theory, one may constrain the viscosity to further understand the evolution of the strongly interacting medium.
Traditionally, the constraints for the free parameter are given by a linear relation of the theoretical initial state eccentricities to the experimentally obtainable final state anisotropies. However, due to the large initial state uncertainty, such analysis based on linear relations has been insufficient. Recently, the relation between the higher order anisotropies has been shown to be non-linear. By decomposing the response into linear and non-linear contributions, one obtains a series of coefficients insensitive to the initial conditions and their fluctuations, enabling one to reduce the uncertainties or at least tighten the constraints to theoretical models. In this thesis I shall present the measurement of these coefficients in Pb-Pb at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV from LHC/ALICE data. The results are compared to theoretical predictions from various publications.
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