Physical activity and motor competence in 4-8-year old children : results of a family-based cluster-randomized controlled physical activity trial
Julkaistu sarjassa
Studies in sport, physical education and healthTekijät
Päivämäärä
2016Oppiaine
LiikuntapedagogiikkaThis thesis addresses the following research questions: 1) what are the intensities of
physical activities that are typically considered to develop motor competence in children,
2) how is accelerometer-derived physical activity (PA) associated with motor
competence (MC), 3) what is the effect of family-based PA counseling on children’s PA
and MC, and 4) does initial parental support of a child’s PA moderate the counseling
effect on the child’s PA? Participants consisted of a total of 126 apparently typically
developing children aged 4 to 8 attending childcare or primary school. PA was measured
with triaxial accelerometers, MC with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test
(Kiphard & Schilling 2007) and a throw-and-catch a ball test (Numminen 1995), and
parental support with a self-report questionnaire (Cleland et al. 2011). Correlations were
calculated and effects of intervention on study outcomes were tested by means of a linear
mixed-effects model fit by REML and by a Mann-Whitney U test with statistical software.
As a result, typical indoor physical activities were found to cover the whole spectrum of
PA intensities, from sedentary to vigorous. MC correlated with moderate-to-high
neuromuscular impacts and PA of vigorous metabolic intensity in 7–8-year-old girls,
with high impacts in 5–6-year-old girls, and with moderate impacts and light-to-
vigorous PA in 5–6-year-old boys. Associations between high neuromuscular impacts
with the MC in girls requires further research, as the finding is novel and may reveal this
developmentally important relationship to differ between the sexes. In general, tailored
counseling was found to decrease the moderate-to-vigorous PA in the intervention
children in comparison to the control children. However, children’s PA in the tertile of
lowest initial parental support showed a significant positive intervention effect during
the 6-month counseling period, although the change was not maintained at the 12-month
follow-up. Counseling during an inactive season provided a significant effect on the
development of children’s KTK performance during the follow-up phase. In conclusion,
because physical activities that are important for motor development contain a wide
range of intensities, from sedentary to vigorous PA categories, there is a need to
communicate (e.g. via PA guidelines) the developmental role of PA of different
intensities. Considering the two methodological approaches used in this study, there is a
need for more sophisticated objective PA assessment methods to differentiate real
sedentary behavior from significant PA patterns inducing low accelerations. Regarding
PA counseling, screening and counseling parents who provide low support for their
children’s PA could offer a feasible and efficient PA enhancement strategy in 4–7-year-
old children. While a focus on motor development may serve to meaningfully
supplement PA enhancement in children, initiation of PA counseling during the inactive
season may induce a more sustainable effect on the development of MC.
...
Julkaisija
University of JyväskyläISBN
978-951-39-6583-9ISSN Hae Julkaisufoorumista
0356-1070Julkaisuun sisältyy osajulkaisuja
- Artikkeli I: Laukkanen, A., Finni, T., Pesola, A. & Sääkslahti, A. 2013. Brisk physical activity ensures the development of fundamental motor skills in children – but light is also needed! Liikunta & Tiede 50 (6), 47–52. Please see.
- Artikkeli II: Laukkanen, A., Pesola, A., Havu, M., Sääkslahti, A. & Finni, T. 2014. Relationship between habitual physical activity and gross motor skills is multifaceted in 5–8-year-old children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 24 (2), e102–e110. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12116
- Artikkeli III: Laukkanen, A., Pesola, A.J., Heikkinen, R., Sääkslahti, A. & Finni, T. 2015. Family-based cluster randomized controlled trial enhancing physical activity and motor competence in 4–7-year-old children. Plos One 10(11), e0143987.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141124
- Artikkeli IV: Laukkanen, A., Pesola, A.J., Finni, T. & Sääkslahti, A. 20XX. Parental support and objectively measured physical activity in children: a yearlong cluster-randomized controlled trial. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (submitted for publication).
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