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Behavioral inhibition as moderator of the relation between parenting and academic skill development in first grade -students

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Authors
Väisänen, Miika
Date
2014
Discipline
PsykologiaPsychology

 
Siirtyminen kouluun on tärkeä vaihe lasten elämässä. Useat tekijät määrittelevät kuitenkin sitä, millaiset mahdollisuudet lapsella on läpikäydä tuo vaihe. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy vanhempien kasvatustyylien (lämpimyys, behavioraalinen kontrolli, psykologinen kontrolli) vaikutukseen lasten lukemisen ja matematiikan taitojen kehittymiseen ensimmäisen kouluvuoden aikana ja siihen, missä määrin tämä yhteys on erilainen riippuen lapsen behavioraalisen inhibition (BI) tasosta. Perustuen haavoittuvuus-stressi malliin ja sen laajennuksiin (Pluess & Belsky, 2013) oletettiin lasten, joilla on korkea BI:n taso, olevan muita alttiimpia kasvatustyylien vaikutukselle. Lukuvuoden alussa opettajat arvioivat lasten (n = 152) BI:n tasoa; äidit (n = 152) ja isät (n = 118) taas arvioivat itse omia kasvatustyylejään. Lasten lukemisen ja matematiikan taitoja arvioitiin kykytesteillä loka- ja huhtikuussa. Tulokset osoittivat, että isän lämpimyydellä oli negatiivinen vaikutus lapsen lukemisen taitojen kehittymiseen silloin, kun lapsen BI:n taso oli matala. Äidin lämpimyydellä taas oli positiivinen vaikutus matematiikan ja lukutaidon kehitykseen pojilla, joilla oli matala BI, kun taas äidin psykologinen kontrolli edisti lukemisen taitoja pojilla, joilla oli korkea BI. Riippumatta lapsen BI:n tasosta äidin psykologisella kontrollilla oli viitteellinen negatiivinen vaikutus poikien lukutaidon kehitykseen, kun taas äidin behavioraalisella kontrollilla oli viitteellinen positiivinen vaikutus tyttöjen lukutaidon kehittymiseen, mutta negatiivinen vaikutus poikien matematiikan taitojen kehitykseen. Tulokset kertovat siitä, että vanhemmuustyylien vaikutukset lapsen akateemisten taitojen kehitykseen ovat monessa suhteessa riippuvaisia lapsen BI:n tasosta. Vaikutukset ovat erilaiset myös riippuen vanhemman ja lapsen sukupuolesta. Tulokset osoittavat tarvetta kehittää jokaiselle lapselle omanlainen, sopiva kasvuympäristö vastaten hänen spesifeihin tarpeisiinsa koulusiirtymän aikana. ...
 
Transition to school is an important period of children’s lives, but several factors moderate how individuals are able to go through that period. This study focuses on the effects of parent’s parenting styles (affection, behavioral control, psychological control) on children’s reading and math skill development in the first grade, and the moderating effects of child’s behavioral inhibition (BI). Establishing on the ideas of differential susceptibility, diathesis-stress and vantage sensitivity models (Pluess & Belsky, 2013), children with high BI were hypothesized to be more susceptible to parental influence. At the beginning of first school year, teachers rated children’s (n = 152) level of BI, and mothers (n = 152) and fathers (n = 118) evaluated their parenting styles via questionnaires. Reading and math skills were evaluated via skill tests in October and April. The results showed that paternal affection had a negative effect on children’s reading skill development among children showing low BI. Maternal affection, in turn, had a positive effect on math and reading skill development among boys with low BI, whereas maternal psychological control had a positive effect on math skills for boys with high BI. There were also some parental influences unrelated to the level of child’s BI. Maternal psychological control had a marginally negative effect on boys’ reading skill development, whereas maternal behavioral control had a marginally positive influence on girls’ reading skill development but a negative effect on boys’ math skill development. The results indicate that the effects of parenting styles on children’s academic skill development are in many ways related to the level of children’s BI. The effects differ also in relation to the gender of parent and child. Results showcase the need to develop a suitable rearing environment for each child, responding to their specific needs at the period of school transition. ...
 
Keywords
vanhemmuustyylit lapset koulu siirtymävaihe lukutaito matemaattiset taidot
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201406132013

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