Turvallisuutta ja sopusointua vai jännitystä ja valtaa : tutkimus sairaanhoitaja- ja terveydenhoitajaopiskelijoiden yrittäjyys- ja muista arvoista

Abstract

The dissertation, ‘Security and harmony or thrills and power’, explores the values of nurses and nursing students from the theoretical perspectives of Schwartz and Rokeach. The dissertation also examines the values students use to characterise entrepreneurship, as well as the positioning of these values in the dimensions proposed by Schwartz’s value theory. In the functionalist mode, this study views entrepreneurship as a survival tendency. In addressing the economic challenges related to entrepreneurship, the study accounts for both entrepreneurial action and the feasibility of founding a company. As in most public administration fields, entrepreneurship is also topical in the health sector, in which increased efficiency is sought through enhanced productivity. The study of entrepreneurial values introduces a new dimension to the development of health sector education. The assumed theoretical starting points, which are the value theories of Rokeach (1973) and Schwartz (1987; 1992), have also informed the methodological choices. Schwartz’s empirically developed questionnaire contains 56 values, which represent the 10 value types presented in his theory. Entrepreneurship was also examined according to the 24 values associated with entrepreneurship in Schwartz’s value meter. A Likert-type scale was used to measure value conceptions. The collected questionnaire data were analysed using both standard statistical techniques and multivariable analysis on SPSS statistical software. With the help of explorative factor analysis, mutually independent variables were formed. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) was used to construct the motivational types of values. Nursing and public-health nursing students were found to be security seeking. A strong uniformity prevails over their central life values. The value difference between the sexes indicates a fairly traditional division of gender roles. Female students possess a traditionally feminine set of values, in which collective values are important. Male students hold individualistic values and achievements in high regard. Value differences between polytechnic and non-polytechnic students are small. Seen according to motivational types of values, students? most important values were related to their own well-being, concern for others, hedonism, safety of self and kin, as well as the need to govern and control one’s environment. In the examination of entrepreneurial values, active, goal-oriented and self-directed functioning is salient. Self-affirmation emerges as the most important value dimension, in which both the entrepreneurial values of power and achievement are located. Security seeking provides a level of harmony and certainty in worklife. It appears to strengthen characteristics traditionally necessary in the field and limit tension brought about by new challenges, as well as the possibilities created by power. Students also indicated self-awareness of their values

Yrittäjyys on tullut ajankohtaiseksi sosiaali- ja terveysalalla, jossa valintojen tekeminen on välttämätöntä rajallisten voimavarojen ja rajattomien tarpeiden ja vaateiden vuoksi. Kasvatustieteiden lisensiaatti Merja Joutsen-Onnelan väitöstutkimuksessa selvitettiin terveydenhoitaja- ja sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden yleistä arvorakennetta ja myös yrittäjyyteen liittyviä arvoja.. Sairaanhoitaja- ja terveydenhoitajaopiskelijat ovat turvallisuushakuinen ryhmä. Naisilla on perinteinen naisten arvomaailma, jossa kollektiiviset ja tunnepitoiset arvot ovat tärkeitä. Naiselle päätös ryhtyä yrittäjäksi näyttää riskiltä, koska hän voi kokea sen uhkana sekä turvallisuudelle että sisäiselle sopusoinnulle. Miesten kohdalla korostuvat naisia enemmän suoriutumiseen liittyvät arvot. He myös korostavat yksilöllisiä arvoja ja saavutuksia sekä vapautta, rehellisyyttä, itsekunnioitusta ja uskollisuutta sekä valinnanvaraa ja riippumattomuutta Heidän roolinsa liitetään tehtäväkeskeisyyteen.