Self-confidence, mental toughness, and psychobiosocial experiences in elite rugby players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-confidence, mental toughness, coping functions, challenge and threat appraisals, and functional psychobiosocial experiences. This investigation was conducted within the framework of multi-states (MuSt) theory. The sample consisted of 76 elite male athletes, ranging in age from 19 to 33 years, representing the Italian rugby union national team participating in the 2024 edition of the Men’s Six Nations Championship. Assessments took place during training camps in preparation for the Championship. The results from serial mediation analysis showed that problem-focused coping and challenge appraisal played a mediating role in the relationship between self-confidence, mental toughness, and functional psychobiosocial experiences. These findings support MuSt theory assumptions and have practical implications for the development of training programs aimed at enhancing athletes’ wellbeing and performance.