Application of novel relaxation time approximation for the Boltzmann equation in relativistic fluid dynamics
Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are modelled with relativistic fluid dynamics.
Since quark-gluon plasma formed in collider experiments cannot be directly measured,
the investigation of the substance is heavily based on comparing experimental data
to predictions of theoretical models. In this thesis we review a novel relaxation time
approximation for the relativistic Boltzmann equation, which is fully compatible with
the macroscopic conservation laws. We calculate approximations for the temperature
dependence of bulk viscosity, particle diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity of a
fluid employing this model. The calculation is carried out by matching the fluid
dynamical quantities with the underlying microscopic theory, where the single particle
momentum distribution function is expressed using first order Chapman–Enskog
expansion. In this way, even with energy-dependent relaxation times, we achieve
consistent approximations for the fluid dynamical transport coefficients that are in
full agreement with the second law of thermodynamics. The novel relaxation time
approximation can be utilized to construct effective kinetic descriptions for matter
in heavy-ion collisions.
...
Ultrarelativististen raskasionitörmäysten mallintamisessa hyödynnetään relativistista
virtausmekaniikkaa. Törmäyskokeissa syntyvän kvarkkigluoniplasman viskositeettia
ei voida suoraan mitata, joten tämän tutkimus painottuu kokeellisen datan vertaamiseen teoriamallin ennustukseen. Tässä tutkielmassa tutustaan uudenlaiseen
relaksaatioaika-approksimaatioon relativistiselle Boltzmannin yhtälölle, joka on
yhteensopiva makroskooppisten säilymislakien kanssa. Tämän avulla lasketaan
teoreettiset arviot fluidin puristusviskositeetin, diffuusiovakion ja leikkausviskositeetin lämpötilariippuvuudelle. Lasku toteutetaan sovittamalla virtausmekaniikan
suureet taustalla olevaan mikroskooppiseen teoriaan, jossa yksihiukkastiheysfunktio esitetään ensimmäisen kertaluokan Chapman–Enskog -ekspansion avulla. Näin
saadaan energiariippuvilla relaksaatioajoilla tuotettua virtausmekaniikan kuljetuskertoimille johdonmukaisia arvioita, jotka ovat yhteensopivia termodynamiikan toisen
lain kanssa. Uuden relaksaatioaika-approksimaation avulla on mahdollista luoda
efektiivisiä kineettisiä malleja kuvaamaan materiaa raskasionitörmäyksissä.
...
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