Parental factors in the development of foundational academic skills from childhood to adolescence
The present dissertation sought to examine how reading and mathematical skills developed from childhood to adolescence and how various family-related factors predicted this development. The three studies included in the dissertation addressed important knowledge gaps by utilizing multiple longitudinal data sets with unique features and extensive follow-ups. The research findings indicated that the two methods most often used for identifying parental reading difficulties (skill assessments and self-reports) yielded nearly equivalent levels of prediction for difficulties in children suggesting that the more cost- and time-efficient method, parental self-reports, could be effectively employed on a broader scale for identifying children at family risk. Importantly, however, self-reports were only as predictive as short reading assessments when they were comprehensive and included a variety of items. It was also found that parental reading and mathematical difficulties were significantly predictive of the corresponding skills in offspring measured in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Parental mathematical difficulties further predicted children’s reading comprehension. The research findings also suggested that comorbid reading and mathematical difficulties were more prevalent than single difficulties in these domains. Moreover, the learners with single difficulties often underperformed in the other domain, most noticeably in early grades. Finally, out of all home learning activities organized with pre-school children, shared reading was the only positive predictor of children’s skills measured at school age. At the same time parental academic support offered at school age was negatively associated with children’s skills suggesting that parents recognized and tried to remediate their children’s difficulties. Nevertheless, the gaps in skills between low-performing and typically performing children not only persisted but widened over time. Notably, parental own difficulties were not associated with the amount of any learning activities.
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Väitöskirjan tavoitteena on tutkia, miten lukutaito ja matemaattiset taidot kehittyvät lapsuudesta nuoruuteen ja miten erilaiset perheeseen liittyvät tekijät ennustavat tätä kehitystä. Väitöskirjaan sisältyneet kolme tutkimusta tarkastelivat laajoja pitkittäisaineistoja, joissa seurattiin samojen lasten kehitystä vuosien ajan. Tutkimustulokset osoittivat ensinnäkin, että kaksi yleisintä vanhempien lukivaikeuksien tunnistamiseen käytettyä menetelmää (taitoa arvioivat testit ja kyselylomakkeet) ennustivat lasten lukutaidon kehitystä yhtä hyvin. Tämä viittaa siihen, että kustannustehokkaampaa ja aikaa säästävää menetelmää, vanhempien itseraportointia, voidaan tutkimuksissa käyttää lukivaikeusriskin tunnistamiseen. On kuitenkin tärkeää huomata, että kyselylomakkeet toimivat hyvin vain, kun ne olivat kattavia ja sisälsivät monenlaisia kysymyksiä. Tutkimuksissa havaittiin myös, että vanhempien lukemis- ja matemaattiset vaikeudet ennustivat vastaavia taitoja lapsilla lapsuudessa, nuoruudessa ja varhaisaikuisuudessa. Tutkimustulokset viittasivat lisäksi siihen, että lukemisen ja matematiikan vaikeudet esiintyvät usein yhdessä ja vanhempien matemaattiset vaikeudet eivät ennustaneet vain lasten matemaattista taitoa vaan myös lasten lukemisen ymmärtämistä. Myös kodin oppimisympäristön havaittiin olevan tärkeä lasten lukutaidon ja matemaattisten taitojen kannalta. Esikouluikäisten lasten ja heidän vanhempiensa yhteinen lukeminen ennusti lasten taitoja positiivisesti kouluiässä. Oppimiseen tarjottu tuki kouluiässä oli kuitenkin negatiivisessa yhteydessä lasten taitoihin, mikä viittaa luultavasti siihen, että vanhemmat tunnistivat lastensa vaikeudet oppimisessa ja pyrkivät tukemaan heitä. Vanhempien omilla vaikeuksilla lukemisessa ja matematiikassa ei ollut yhteyttä siihen, miten usein kotona tehtiin lukemiseen ja matematiikkaan liittyviä asioita.
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Jyväskylän yliopistoISBN
978-951-39-9902-5ISSN Search the Publication Forum
2489-9003Contains publications
- Artikkeli I: Khanolainen, D., Salminen, J., Eklund, K., Lerkkanen, M., & Torppa, M. (2023). Intergenerational Transmission of Dyslexia : How do Different Identification Methods of Parental Difficulties Influence the Conclusions Regarding Children's Risk for Dyslexia?. Reading Research Quarterly, 58(2), 220-239. DOI: 10.1002/rrq.482
- Artikkeli II: Khanolainen, D., Psyridou, M., Silinskas, G., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Niemi, P., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Torppa, M. (2020). Longitudinal Effects of the Home Learning Environment and Parental Difficulties on Reading and Math Development Across Grades 1–9. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 577981. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577981
- Artikkeli III: Khanolainen, D., Koponen, T., Eklund, K., Gerike, G., Psyridou, M., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Aro, M., & Torppa, M. (2023). Parental influences on the development of single and co-occurring difficulties in reading and arithmetic fluency. Learning and Individual Differences, 105, Article 102321. DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102321
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