Mutation rate of ribosomal DNA copy number in Neurospora crassa
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2023Copyright
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Ribosomaalinen DNA (rDNA) koodaa rRNA:ta, joka on ribosomien tärkeä
rakenneosa. Eukaryooteilla rDNA esiintyy lukuisien identtisten toistojaksojen
sarjoina. rDNA:n toistojaksojen tiedetään olevan yksi genomin epävakaimmista
alueista, ja niissä esiintyy paljon kopiolukumäärän vaihtelua. Vaikka vaihtelun
mekanismeista on tehty tutkimusta, syitä runsaalle kopiomäärälle ja sen
muutosalttiudelle ei täysin tunneta, On esitetty, että se saattaa mahdollistaa
lokuksen pienenemisen tai laajenemisen myötä paremman adaptaation muuttuviin
olosuhteisiin. Tässä työssä tutkittiin Neurospora crassa -sienen rDNA:n
kopiolukumäärän spontaania mutaatiovauhtia mutaatioakkumulaatiokokeen
avulla ja estimoitiin valinnan vaikutusta mutaatiovauhtiin. Tutkimuksessa
käytettiin mutaatioakkumulaatiokantoja ja luonnonkantoja. rDNA:n
kopiolukumäärä analysoitiin droplet digital PCR-menetelmällä. rDNA-mutaatioita
havaittiin useissa linjoissa, ja mutaatiovauhdiksi saatiin 18S rDNA:lle 1.10 [0.64,
1.72] x 10-5 ja 26S rDNA:lle 1.30 [0.09, 1.95] x 10-5 mutaatiota / mitoosi, mikä on
melko korkea mutaatiovauhti. Deleetioita tapahtui huomattavasti enemmän kuin
insertioita, mikä viittaa siihen, että mutaatiopaine pienentää rDNA:n
kopiolukumäärää silloin kun muut mekanismit eivät vaikuta siihen. Koska
mutaatioita tapahtui melko vähän, mutaatiomallia ei pystytty muodostamaan.
...
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) encodes ribosomal RNA, which is an essential structure of
ribosomes. In eukaryotes rDNA loci contain multiple identical tandem repeat
sequences and are susceptible to copy number variation (CNV). Although the
mechanisms of copy number increase and decrease have been studied, the reasons
underlying CNV are not yet completely understood. It has been suggested that
environmental factors may change the copy number, and therefore it may be one of
the mechanisms that helps the organism to adapt to changes in the environment. In
this study, spontaneous mutation rate of 18S and 26S rDNA copy number of
Neurospora crassa was studied using droplet digital PCR. N. crassa lines from a
mutation accumulation experiment and from natural populations were used. The
mutation accumulation lines had been cultured for 40 generations in a way that
minimized the effect of selection. Mutation rate was estimated by comparing rDNA
copy numbers between ancestors and different generations. This information was
then used to estimate how selection affects mutation rate. The mutation rate in 18S rDNA was 1.10 [0.64, 1.72] x 10-5 and in 26S rDNA 1.30 [0.09, 1.95] x 10-5 mutations per mitosis, which is a relatively high mutation rate. There were significantly more deletions than insertions, suggesting that mutation pressure reduces rDNA copy number when other mechanisms are not involved. However, there were not enough mutations to form a mutation model.
...
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