Coupling of iron and dissolved organic matter in lakes–selective retention of different size fractions
Riise, G., Haaland, S. L., & Xiao, Y. (2023). Coupling of iron and dissolved organic matter in lakes–selective retention of different size fractions. Aquatic Sciences, 85(2), Article 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-023-00956-w
Julkaistu sarjassa
Aquatic SciencesPäivämäärä
2023Tekijänoikeudet
© The Author(s) 2023
Increasing concentration of iron (Fe) is observed in many boreal lakes, such as for the present study in Oslo Østmark, SE-Norway (1983–2018). As Fe-regulating processes are complex and dynamic, the link between mobilizing and retention processes is still not well understood. A seasonal study (2017–2018) from two headwaters, with medium and high dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, showed that the loading of Fe to the lakes was highly dependent on flow conditions. Significantly higher values of Fe were related to autumn and winter periods with high runoff of highly colored and aromatic DOM compared to a severe drought period with minimum Fe values in the lakes. Compared to DOM, a significantly larger part of Fe was in a colloidal form, and a size-selective process (dependent on flow and water retention time) seemed to preferentially settle Fe compared to DOM. In contrast to Fe, the variability in DOM concentrations was moderate through the whole year. However, there were significant changes in the spectroscopic properties of DOM, with decreased fluorescence intensity and increased spectral slope during the warm dry season, indicating increased importance of DOM turnover in the lake. As Fe was transported from the catchment during high flow condition, at the same time as the oxic form of sulfur (SO42−), there was no sign of retention of Fe as FeS. We conclude that the mobilization and retention of compounds that are mainly in a colloidal form, such as Fe, are especially vulnerable to changes in flow conditions, suggesting increased variation in Fe levels in a future climate with increased frequency of flooding and drought episodes.
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This study was supported by Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province, China (no. tsqn201909126) and Academy of Finland (grant no. 295709). It was also presented to the Nordic Centre of Excellence-Biowater (Nordforsk project no. 82263). The authors also appreciate the funding by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 42103029) and the National Key Research and Development Program (no. 2021YFC3201004). The authors are grateful to Johnny Kristiansen (NMBU), Dr. Per Kristian Lunde (Oslo University Hospital, Norway) and Dr. Penghui Li (Sun Yat-Sen University) for their help with measurements and field work. Open access funding provided by Norwegian University of Life Sciences. ...Lisenssi
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