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dc.contributor.authorSoininen, Jaakko O. S.
dc.contributor.authorKytöviita, Minna‐Maarit
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-03T10:02:20Z
dc.date.available2023-01-03T10:02:20Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationSoininen, J. O. S., & Kytöviita, M. (2022). Geranium sylvaticum increases pollination probability by sexually dimorphic flowers. <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>, <i>12</i>(12), Article e9670. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9670" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9670</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_164772515
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/84715
dc.description.abstractSexual dimorphism is expressed as different morphologies between the sexes of a species. Dimorphism is pronounced in gynodioecious populations which consist of female and hermaphrodite individuals. The small size of female flowers in gynodioecious species is often explained by resource re-allocation to seed production instead of large flowers. However, pollinator attraction is critical to female fitness, and factors other than resource savings are needed to explain the small size of female flowers. We hypothesized that the floral size dimorphism in the perennial gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum (L.) is adaptive in terms of pollination. To test this “pollination hypothesis,” we video recorded the small female and large hermaphrodite G. sylvaticum flowers. We parameterized floral visitor behavior when visiting a flower and calculated pollination probabilities by a floral visitor as the probability of touching anther and stigma with the same body part. Pollination probability differed in terms of flower sex and pollinator species. Bumblebees had the highest pollination probability. The small female flowers were more likely to receive pollen via several pollinator groups than the large hermaphrodite flowers. The pollen display of hermaphrodites matched poorly with the stigma display of hermaphrodites, but well with that of females. Although the small size of female flowers is commonly explained by resource re-allocation, we show that sexual dimorphism in flower size may increase the main reproductive functions of the females and hermaphrodites. Dimorphism increases pollination probability in females and fathering probability of the hermaphrodites likely driving G. sylvaticum populations towards dioecy.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEcology and Evolution
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.otherdisruptive selection
dc.subject.otherflower size
dc.subject.otherGeranium sylvaticum
dc.subject.othergynodioecy
dc.subject.otherpollination
dc.subject.othersexual dimorphism
dc.titleGeranium sylvaticum increases pollination probability by sexually dimorphic flowers
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202301031071
dc.contributor.laitosBio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitosfi
dc.contributor.laitosDepartment of Biological and Environmental Scienceen
dc.contributor.oppiaineEkologia ja evoluutiobiologiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineEcology and Evolutionary Biologyen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn2045-7758
dc.relation.numberinseries12
dc.relation.volume12
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysopölytys
dc.subject.ysosukupuoli
dc.subject.ysosiitepöly
dc.subject.ysolajit
dc.subject.ysopölyttäjät
dc.subject.ysokukat (kasvit)
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p14273
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5291
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p16338
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2765
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5158
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p488
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.1002/ece3.9670
jyx.fundinginformationEmil Aaltonen Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 220210 N
dc.type.okmA1


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