Tahto valtaan olevaisen ykseytenä Nietzschen filosofiassa

Abstract

This dissertation discusses the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). It utilizes hermeneutics as a research method because the history of philosophy is based on the texts of itʼs classics. Chapters 2 and 3 present my hermeneutic circle and horizon. Nietzsche objected to Platoʼs idealism, but he was interested in Ancient Greek tragedy and the mystery of unity. The ultimate unity of being is the basic subject of the Milesians. Similarly, the main doctrine in Nietzscheʼs philosophy is the will to power as unity, thus the eternal recurrence is plurality. According to tragedy, there is opposition in plurality. It follows that, the change in material and our spirit are opposites. Thus, this very opposition would be included in the eternal recurrence. However, in this case Nietzsche uses two concepts: the eternal recurrence and the eternal moment. In spite of this, in the Finnish literature these are referred to as a single concept, that is, the eternal recurrence. The will to power, instead, is beyond opposites, meaning it is the principle of non-contradiction. The main conclusion is that Nietzsche applies dialectics. First, he deals with changeable and unchangeable truths. Second, he discusses the difference between logical and dialectical truths. In addition, he argues that the opposi-tion of “true” and “false” differ in meaning from the opposition “right” and “wrong”. Chapter 4 discusses dialectics and truth. Chapter 5 adresses Nietzscheʼs conception of humanity, in which argues that religiousness is our fundamental being. As we know, Nietzsche admits no theory of virtue. Instead, he objects to all kinds of normativity. Nevertheless, he seems to demonstrate an ideal human being. I argue that Nietzscheʼs paradox could be as follows: he presents no theory of virtue, and instead argues that our fundamental being is religious and therefore we are always demanding of each other what we should be. In this way, the theory of virtue is included in Nie-tzscheʼs definition of knowledge and truth.