Social (in)justice and gender : the COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda
Tämän gradun tarkoitus on tutkia sosiaalisen oikeudenmukaisuuden teemoja ugandalaisen New Vision -sanomalehden kirjoituksissa naisista COVID-19 -lockdownin kontekstissa. Tutkimus keskittyy naisten lockdownin aikana kohtaamiin haasteisiin, New Visionin kirjoituksissa ilmeneviin representaatioihin naisista, sekä siihen miten nämä aiheet heijastelevat sosiaalisen oikeudenmukaisuuden teemoja. Tutkimuksen teoreettisen taustan muodostaa Nancy Fraserin teoria sosiaalisen oikeudenmukaisuuden dimensioista sekä joidenkin post-kolonialististen
feministien näkemykset. Myös Ugandan kontekstia on avattu taustoitukseksi. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu valituista New Visionista kerätyistä artikkeleista puolen vuoden ajalta lockdownin alkamisesta. Aineisto analysoidaan sisällönanalyysilla ja diskurssianalyysilla, ja tuloksia peilataan Nancy Fraserin sosiaalisen oikeudenmukaisuuden teoriaan pohdinnan avulla. Analyysi eritteli neljä teemaa koskien naisten kohtaamia haasteita lockdownin aikana: tyttöjä koskevat haasteet, seksuaali- ja lisääntymisterveys, väkivalta ja pääsy oikeuden piiriin, sekä palkka- ja kotityö. Naisia koskevien representaatioiden osalta analyysi eritteli naisille osoitettuja rooleja ja vastuita ensisijaisesti äiteinä ja kodista huolehtijoina, heidän samanaikaisesti aktiivista toimijuuttaan ja passiivista rooliaan kriisin aikana, sekä miesten ja vallitsevien olosuhteiden osuutta syypäinä naisten kohtaamiin ongelmiin. Nämä teemat peilasivat jokaista Nancy Fraserin teorian dimensiota: taloudellista, kulttuurista ja poliittista epäoikeudenmukaisuutta. Tutkimus valottaa yhden Ugandan tärkeimmän sanomalehden diskursseja naisten kohtaamista haasteita ja heistä esitetyistä representaatioista COVID-19 -pandemian aikana sekä havainnollistaa naisia koskevien moninaisten, usein päällekkäisten epäoikeudenmukaisuuden muotojen olemassaoloa. Tutkimuksen perusteella ei voida tehdä yleistyksiä, mutta se tarjoaa mielenkiintoisen pohjan lisätutkimuksille aiheesta, josta ei juuri ole tehty aiempaa tutkimusta.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study the themes of social justice in the reporting of the Ugandan newspaper New Vision about women during the COVID-19 lockdown. The study focuses on the challenges faced by women during the lockdown, the representations of women in New Vision’s reporting, as well as how these issues reflect the themes of social justice. The theoretical background is formed by the theory of the dimensions of social justice by Nancy Fraser as well
as the issues raised by post-colonial feminists. The context of Uganda is also presented as background. The research data consists of selected articles from the New Vision within the time frame of six months from the beginning of the lockdown. The research data is analyzed with content analysis and discourse analysis and the findings are reflected against Nancy Fraser’s dimensions of social justice through discussion. The analysis identified four themes of challenges faced by women during the lockdown: girls’ issues, sexual and reproductive health, violence and access to justice, as well as paid and domestic work. The representations of women in the research data identified the roles and responsibilities of women as mainly mothers and caretakers of the home, their simultaneously active agency and passive position as receivers in the face of the crisis, and established mainly men and the prevailing conditions as guilty for the
women’s struggles during the pandemic. The aforementioned issues reflected all three dimensions of Nancy Fraser’s theory of social justice: economic, cultural and political injustice. The study sheds light on the discourses of one major Ugandan newspaper about the challenges and representations of women during the COVID-19 lockdown and illustrates the presence of varying and often overlapping forms of injustice that women may be subjected to. No generalizations can be drawn from the study, but it offers an interesting basis for further research on a topic which has not been widely studied before.
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