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dc.contributor.authorKarjalainen, Juha
dc.contributor.authorMäkinen, Mikko
dc.contributor.authorKarjalainen, Anna K.
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-29T10:49:15Z
dc.date.available2020-12-29T10:49:15Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationKarjalainen, J., Mäkinen, M., & Karjalainen, A. K. (2021). Sulfate toxicity to early life stages of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) in soft freshwater. <i>Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety</i>, <i>208</i>, Article 111763. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111763" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111763</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_47528449
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/73503
dc.description.abstractSulfate occurs naturally in the aquatic environment but its elevated levels can be toxic to aquatic life in freshwater environments. We investigated the toxicity of sulfate in humic, soft freshwater to whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from fertilization of eggs to hatching i.e. during the critical phases of whitefish early development. Anadromous Kokemäenjoki whitefish eggs and sperm during fertilization, embryos and larvae were exposed in the long-term 175-day incubation to seven different sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) concentrations from 44 to 2 000 mg SO4 L−1. Endpoint variables were the fertilization success, offspring survival and larval growth. Egg fertilization and early embryonic development were the most sensitive developmental stages of whitefish to sulfate, although the fertilization success and survival of embryos decreased only in the highest concentration of 2 000 mg SO4 L−1. The survival during late embryonic period, hatching and the 5-day larval period was high and no difference between the control and sulfate treatments were observed. LC50-values of sulfate for early embryonic period and for the entire embryonic and larval period was 1 413 and 1 161 mg L−1, respectively. The NOEC (No-observed Effect Concentration) of sulfate for the both periods was 1 207 mg L−1. The tolerance of whitefish early stages to sulfate toxicity seems to be on the same level as the tolerance of other salmonids’ early stages.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.othereggs
dc.subject.otherembryos
dc.subject.otherfertilization
dc.subject.otherfish larvae
dc.subject.otherSO4
dc.subject.othersperm
dc.titleSulfate toxicity to early life stages of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) in soft freshwater
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202012297431
dc.contributor.laitosBio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitosfi
dc.contributor.laitosDepartment of Biological and Environmental Scienceen
dc.contributor.oppiaineAkvaattiset tieteetfi
dc.contributor.oppiaineYmpäristötiedefi
dc.contributor.oppiaineAquatic Sciencesen
dc.contributor.oppiaineEnvironmental Scienceen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn0147-6513
dc.relation.volume208
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysoalkio
dc.subject.ysomäti
dc.subject.ysosiittiöt
dc.subject.ysovesien saastuminen
dc.subject.ysosulfaatit
dc.subject.ysotoukat
dc.subject.ysomyrkyllisyys
dc.subject.ysoekotoksikologia
dc.subject.ysosiika
dc.subject.ysohedelmöitys
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p19932
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p16468
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p21831
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p7659
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p13742
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p10296
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p12637
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p19671
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p18578
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5684
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111763
dc.type.okmA1


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