Microbiota and reduction of volatile organic compounds in commercial green wall systems
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2020Access restrictions
The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyväskylä University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).
Sisäilman laadun ylläpidossa pääpainona on ollut haihtuvien orgaanisten yhdisteiden (VOC-yhdisteiden) vähentäminen. Kaupungistuminen on vähentänyt ihmisten altistumista ympäristömikrobeille, jonka on havaittu vaikuttavan immuunisairauksien yleistymiseen. Aktiiviviherseinät hyödyntävät monimuotoista mikrobistoa VOC-yhdisteiden hajottamiseen. VOC-yhdisteiden poistotehosta in situ ei ole julkaistu ennen tätä tutkimusta ja aiemmat mikrobiyhteisötutkimukset ovat keskittyneet VOC-hajottajamikrobien tunnistamiseen. Poistotehoa seurattiin keräämällä VOC-näytteitä kolmesta eri mittauspisteestä—viherseinän ulostuloilmasta, viherseinän sisältämästä huoneesta, sekä kontrollihuoneesta ilman viherseinää. Mikrobiyhteisöjen rakennetta tutkittiin 16S rRNA sekvensoimalla näytteitä hanavedestä, viherseinän kasteluvedestä, sekä viherseinän ulostuloilmasta. VOC-yhdisteiden kokonaispitoisuudet havaittiin mataliksi, eikä mittauspisteiden välillä havaittu merkitseviä eroja. Kasteluveden mikrobiyhteisön havaittiin olevan Betaproteobacteriales –heimon dominoima. Kaksiulotteisessa NMDS-ordinaatio kuvaajassa aktiiviviherseinän ulostuloilman mikrobiomi erottui omaksi ryhmäkseen vesinäytteistä, ja muistutti sisäilman tyypillistä mikrobiomia, sisältäen runsaasti iholla esiintyviä aktinobakteereja. Lajispesifisellä qPCR –menetelmällä testattu patogeeninen Legionella pneumophila ei huomattu lisääntyvän aktiiviviherseinissä, vaikka patogeeni havaittiin muutamista näytteistä.
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The reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the indoor air has been the priority against bad indoor air quality. Additionally, urbanization has reduced human exposure to environmental microbes, which might have led to the growing popularity of inflammatory diseases. An active green wall employs a rich microbial community with VOC degradation potential for indoor air treatment. Before this study, in situ testing of VOC-removal abilities has been limited and microbial community studies have mainly focused on taxa with VOC-degrading potential. We studied VOC removal abilities by collecting indoor air in three different points—green wall outlet fan, room with a green wall and control room without the green wall. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was utilized to screen microbe communities in tap and irrigation tank water, and air collected from the green wall outlet fan. A species-specific qPCR was applied to detect and quantify pathogenic L. pneumophila .Total VOC concentrations were generally low and no significant differences between VOC collection points were found. Irrigation tank water had high abundance of order Betaproteobacteriales, likely derived from tap water. Abundance of emitted bacteria was found moderate and air community structure resembled the normal indoor air microbiota with skin-related Actinobacteria dominating the microbial diversity. The presence of L. pneumophila was recognized, yet the pathogen was found not to proliferate inside the green wall systems.
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