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Neutrino density matrix formalism derived from Kadanoff-Baym equations

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Authors
Parkkinen, Harri
Date
2020
Discipline
Teoreettinen fysiikkaTheoretical Physics
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Edetessään väliaineessa neutriinojen ja materian välillä tapahtuu kahdenlaisia törmäyksiä: koherentteja ja epäkoherentteja törmäyksiä. Koherentit törmäykset aiheuttavat taustapotentiaalin, joka muuttaa neutriinojen ominaisenergioita. Epäkoherentit törmäykset aiheuttavat puolestaan kvanttivaimennustekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat neutriinotilojen dynaamiseen kehitykseen. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan relativististen neutriinojen sekoittumista kuvaavan formalismin johtamista kvanttikenttäteoriaan pohjautuvista lähtökohdista. Tutkielmassa lähdetään liikkeelle Schwinger-Keldysh yhtälöstä, josta johdetaan yleiset Kadanoff-Baym (KB) yhtälöt Wigner-avaruudessa. KB-yhtälöt ratkaistaan käyttäen koherenttia kvasihiukkasapproksimaatiota (cQPA). cQPA-mallista seuraa, että systeemin faasiavaruudessa esiintyy täysin uudenlaisia koherenssikuoria, jotka voidaan tunnistaa sisältävän informaatiota ei-lokaalista kvanttikoherenssista. Tutkielmassa siis tarkastellaan kuinka neutriinoille voidaan johtaa liikeyhtälöt, jotka huomioivat kvanttikoherenssin ilman lisäoletuksia. Johdettujen liikeyhtälöiden avulla voidaan laskea koherenttien neutriinotilojen välistä sirontaa, johon tämänhetkiset mallit eivät kykene. Lisäksi näiden liikeyhtälöiden avulla voidaan johtaa neutriinojen tiheysmatriisiformalismi yleisemmistä lähtökohdista kuin mitä on aikaisemmin tehty. ...
 
When neutrinos propagate in matter they encounter two kinds of interactions with the medium: coherent and incoherent collisions. Due to the coherent collisions a background potential arises which modifies the energy eigenstates of neutrinos. Incoherent collisions, however, lead to quantum damping which affects the dynamical evolution of neutrinos. In this thesis it is studied how a formalism, which describes mixing of relativistic neutrino fields, can be derived from the grounds of thermal quantum field theory. We begin by deriving the general Kadanoff-Baym (KB) equations in the Wigner space starting from the contour Schwinger-Keldysh euqation. Next the KB equations are solved using the coherent quasiparticle approximation (cQPA). From the cQPA scheme it follows that the phase space of the system contains completely novel shell solutions which can be recognized to carry information about non-local quantum coherence. Thus, in this thesis we focus on discussing how a closed set of equations of motion, which take into account quantum coherence without any additional approximations, can be derived for propagating neutrinos. With these equations of motion it is possible to calculate scattering processes between coherent neutrino states to which no other existing model is capable of. In addition, they can be used to derive the neutrino density matrix formalism from more fundamental grounds than what has been done before. ...
 
Keywords
neutrino physics thermal field theory kinetic transport theory cQPA kvanttikenttäteoria neutriinot hiukkasfysiikka quantum field theory neutrinos particle physics
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http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202012097007

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