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Cellular distribution and amounts of positive and negative RNA strands of enterovirus during an infection in vitro

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Authors
Salmikangas, Sami
Date
2020
Discipline
Solu- ja molekyylibiologiaCell and molecular biology
Copyright
This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.

 
Enterovirukset ovat pieniä vaipattomia viruksia, joilla on positiivinen RNAgenomi. Ihmisille infektiivisiä enteroviruksia tunnetaan yli sata erilaista, ja ne voivat aiheuttaa monia tauteja normaalista flunssasta sydänlihastulehdukseen ja aivokalvontulehdukseen. Enterovirusten elämänkierto tunnetaan melko hyvin, mutta riittämättömien menetelmien takia niiden positiivisen RNA-genomin sekä negatiivisten RNA-juosteiden jakaumaa ja määrää solussa infektion aikana ei tunneta juurikaan. Viruslääkkeitä voitaisiin suunnitella estämään mitä tahansa viruksen elämänkierron vaihetta, mutta tätä varten tarvitaan uusia tekniikoita tutkia RNA-juosteita infektion aikana. Tässä tutkimuksessa kehitimme branched DNA in-situ fluoresenssi hybridisaatioon perustuvan uuden protokollan, ja käytimme tätä metodia käänteistranskriptio – kvantitatiivisen PCR:n ohella enterovirusten RNA-juosteiden jakauman ja määrän tutkimiseen infektion aikana. Tulostemme mukaan viruksen positiivisen-, negatiivisen- sekä kaksoisjuosteisen RNA:n määrä on lähes olematon ennen kolmea tuntia infektion jälkeen, ja niiden määrä kasvaa huomattavasti 4-5 tuntiin infektion jälkeen. Positiivinen RNA on jakautunut solun ulkoreunoille, kun taas negatiivinen ja kaksoisjuosteinen RNA on lähempänä solun tumaa. RNA juosteet eivät lokalisoidu viruksen kapsidin tai solun tuman kanssa. Testasimme myös kolmen eri viruslääkkeen vaikutusta RNAjuosteiden määrään ja jakaumaan solussa, ja tulostemme mukaan kaikki lääkkeet estivät virusinfektion ja viruksen RNA-synteesin lähes kokonaan. Nämä tulokset, kehittämämme protokollan ohella, auttavat tutkimaan enterovirusten elämänkiertoa tehokkaammin ja kehittämään uusia mahdollisia viruslääkkeitä. ...
 
Enteroviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome. Over a hundred different serotypes of enteroviruses can infect humans, and they can cause a wide range of diseases from common colds to encephalitis and myocarditis. The life cycle of enteroviruses is relatively well known, but the distribution of the positive RNA genome and its complementary negative RNA strands during an infection are unknown, mostly due to lacking techniques. Certain antiviral drugs could target this step of the life cycle, inhibiting the synthesis of the negative strand and stopping the infection, but to study this in more detail, new methods are required to visualise the viral RNAs effectively. In this study, we developed a protocol to study the enterovirus RNAs using branched DNA fluorescence in-situ hybridization. With this method, along with reverse transcription quantitative PCR, we studied the distribution and the amounts of enterovirus RNAs during an infection in vitro. The results indicate that the amounts of positive-, negative- and double stranded RNAs are negligible before 3 hours post-infection, and gradually rise after 4-5 hours postinfection. The positive RNA is located peripherally in the cell with the negative RNA and double stranded RNA being located more centrally. Furthermore, the RNA molecules reside in different locations than the viral capsid proteins and the cell nuclei. We also tested the effect of three different antiviral drugs on the distribution and amounts of viral RNAs, and the results show that all tested molecules effectively inhibit the infection and the appearance of viral RNAs. These results, along with the branched DNA protocol we established, will be useful in more efficiently studying the life cycle of enteroviruses and in the development of antiviral drugs. ...
 
Keywords
amplification antiviral drugs branched DNA confocal microscopy in-situ hybridization replikaatio fluoresenssi enterovirukset RNA replication (biology) fluorescence enteroviruses
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202007215361

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