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dc.contributor.advisorIhalainen, Johanna
dc.contributor.advisorKyröläinen, Heikki
dc.contributor.authorPesonen, Emilia
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-09T11:51:22Z
dc.date.available2020-06-09T11:51:22Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69809
dc.description.abstractIntroduction. It has been reported that 42 % of exercising women feel that the menstrual cycle negatively affects their performance (Bruinvels et al. 2016). However, athletes must train and compete in each phase of the cycle and manage the possible symptoms associated to the hormonal fluctuation. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether the symptoms related to menstrual cycle and/or hormonal contraceptive cycle are associated with physical performance. Methods. The participants were recreationally active women aged 19-37. There were 13 subjects in hormonal contraceptive -group (HC-group) and 16 subjects with normal menstrual cycles in non-hormonal contraceptive group (NHC-group). The study used a cross-sectional research design. The participants completed four identical measurements during different phases of menstrual cycle (1. menstruation 2. follicular 3. ovulation 4. luteal) or hormonal contraceptive cycle (1. withdrawal bleeding 2. first active phase 3. second active phase 4. inactive phase). The measurements consisted of venous blood sample collections and physical performance tests, which included one repetition maximum (1RM) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the leg extensor muscles and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test by running. Also, the participants filled a menstrual diary throughout the study, in which they reported the symptoms. The statistical significance was set to p<0.05. Results. Sex hormone fluctuation was more significant among the NHC-group compared to HC-group. VO2max and number of symptoms did not differ between the groups. However, strength performance was statistically significantly higher in NHC-group: 1RM in all the phases and MVC in the third phase. In NHC-group, VO2max was statistically significantly higher during ovulation compared to luteal phase, and number of symptoms was statistically significantly higher in luteal compared to follicular phase. In HC-group the concentration of SHBG, T3 and cortisol were statistically significantly higher compared to NHC-group in all the measurement points. In addition, these hormones were found to correlate with physical performance and number of symptoms. After merging the groups as one, serotonin was found to be inversely associated with number of symptoms whereas serotonin and VO2max were positively associated when regarding the relative changes of the variables between phases 1 and 4. Conclusions. There were several associations found in this thesis. Yet, the relationship between the symptoms and physical performance remains uncertain and needs more investigation.en
dc.format.extent98
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.titleMenstrual cycle and hormonal contraception : associations between hormones, physical performance, and menstrual cycle -related symptoms
dc.typemaster thesis
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006094052
dc.type.ontasotPro gradu -tutkielmafi
dc.type.ontasotMaster’s thesisen
dc.contributor.tiedekuntaLiikuntatieteellinen tiedekuntafi
dc.contributor.tiedekuntaFaculty of Sport and Health Sciencesen
dc.contributor.laitosLiikunta- ja terveystieteetfi
dc.contributor.laitosSport and Health Sciencesen
dc.contributor.yliopistoJyväskylän yliopistofi
dc.contributor.yliopistoUniversity of Jyväskyläen
dc.contributor.oppiaineLiikuntafysiologiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineExercise Physiologyen
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.rights.accesslevelrestrictedAccess
dc.type.publicationmasterThesis
dc.contributor.oppiainekoodi5011
dc.subject.ysohormonit
dc.subject.ysonaiset
dc.subject.ysokuukautiset
dc.subject.ysosukupuolihormonit
dc.subject.ysourheilijat
dc.subject.ysoraskauden ehkäisy
dc.subject.ysoehkäisypillerit
dc.subject.ysooireet
dc.subject.ysohormones
dc.subject.ysowomen
dc.subject.ysomenstruation
dc.subject.ysosex hormones
dc.subject.ysoathletes
dc.subject.ysocontraception
dc.subject.ysocontraceptive pills
dc.subject.ysosymptoms
dc.format.contentfulltext
dc.rights.urlhttps://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrightsThe author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyväskylä University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).en
dc.rights.accessrightsTekijä ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyväskylän yliopiston kirjaston arkistotyösemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat..fi
dc.type.okmG2


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