Novel Autotrophic Organisms Contribute Significantly to the Internal Carbon Cycling Potential of a Boreal Lake
Peura, S., Buck, M., Aalto, S. L., Morales, S. E., Nykänen, H., & Eiler, A. (2018). Novel Autotrophic Organisms Contribute Significantly to the Internal Carbon Cycling Potential of a Boreal Lake. mBio, 9(4), Article e00916-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00916-18
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mBioTekijät
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2018Tekijänoikeudet
© 2018 Peura et al.
Oxygen-stratified lakes are typical for the boreal zone and also a major
source of greenhouse gas emissions in the region. Due to shallow light penetration,
restricting the growth of phototrophic organisms, and large allochthonous organic
carbon inputs from the catchment area, the lake metabolism is expected to be dominated
by heterotrophic organisms. In this study, we test this assumption and show
that the potential for autotrophic carbon fixation and internal carbon cycling is high
throughout the water column. Further, we show that during the summer stratification
carbon fixation can exceed respiration in a boreal lake even below the euphotic
zone. Metagenome-assembled genomes and 16S profiling of a vertical transect of
the lake revealed multiple organisms in an oxygen-depleted compartment belonging
to novel or poorly characterized phyla. Many of these organisms were chemolithotrophic,
potentially deriving their energy from reactions related to sulfur, iron, and
nitrogen transformations. The community, as well as the functions, was stratified
along the redox gradient. The autotrophic potential in the lake metagenome below
the oxygenic zone was high, pointing toward a need for revising our concepts of internal
carbon cycling in boreal lakes. Further, the importance of chemolithoautotrophy
for the internal carbon cycling suggests that many predicted climate changeassociated
fluctuations in the physical properties of the lake, such as altered mixing
patterns, likely have consequences for the whole-lake metabolism even beyond the
impact to the phototrophic community.
IMPORTANCE Autotrophic organisms at the base of the food web are the only life
form capable of turning inorganic carbon into the organic form, facilitating the survival
of all other organisms. In certain environments, the autotrophic production is
limited by environmental conditions and the food web is supported by external carbon
inputs. One such environment is stratified boreal lakes, which are one of the
biggest natural sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the boreal region. Thus, carbon
cycling in these habitats is of utmost importance for the future climate. Here,
we demonstrate a high potential for internal carbon cycling via phototrophic and
novel chemolithotrophic organisms in the anoxic, poorly illuminated layers of a boreal
lake. Our results significantly increase our knowledge on the microbial communities
and their metabolic potential in oxygen-depleted freshwaters and help to understand
and predict how climate change-induced alterations could impact the lake
carbon dynamics.
...
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American Society for MicrobiologyISSN Hae Julkaisufoorumista
2161-2129Asiasanat
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