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Filtering of irrelevant emotional faces during a visual working memory task : an ERP study in dysphoric and control participants

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Authors
Vesterinen, Annamaria |
Honkavaara, Iida
Date
2018
Discipline
PsykologiaPsychology
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The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyväskylä University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).
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Epäolennaisen tiedon suodattaminen työmuistista on tärkeää onnistuneen kognitiivisen toiminnan kannalta. Tunnepitoisten kasvojen on kuitenkin havaittu kaappaavan tarkkaavaisuuden helposti jopa silloin, kun ne ovat tehtävän kannalta epäolennaisia, sillä ne ovat evolutiivisesti tärkeitä ärsykkeitä. Tunnepitoisen materiaalin prosessointi voi lisäksi häiriintyä esimerkiksi masennuksessa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tarkastella tehtävän kannalta epäolennaisten surullisten ja pelokkaiden kasvonilmekuvien pääsyä visuaaliseen työmuistiin masennusoireisilla (N = 14, Beckin depressioasteikon pistemäärä > 14) ja kontrollikoehenkilöillä (N = 10). Kasvohäiritsijöiden suodattamista mitattiin tehtävän aikana herätevastepotentiaalilla, kontralateraalisella viiveaktivaatiolla (Contralateral Delay Activity, CDA), joka heijastaa visuaalisessa työmuistissa yhtäaikaisesti pidettävien yksiköiden määrää. Lisäksi tehtävän aikaista vastaustarkkuutta käytettiin mittaamaan, vaikuttavatko kasvohäiritsijät myös koehenkilöiden suoriutumiseen tehtävässä. CDA-komponentilla mitattuna paljastui, että surulliset kasvonilmekuvat päätyivät sekä masennusoireisten koehenkilöiden että kontrollikoehenkilöiden visuaaliseen työmuistiin. Lisäksi tulokset osoittivat, että masennusoireiset koehenkilöt pystyivät suodattamaan pelokkaat kasvonilmekuvat kontrolleja tehokkaammin. Näin ollen masennusoireisiin liittyvät ongelmat tunnepitoisen materiaalin prosessoinnissa saattavat vaikuttaa myös pelkoon liittyvän tiedon käsittelyyn, heikentäen evolutiivisesti tärkeää taipumusta suunnata tarkkaavaisuus nopeasti ja automaattisesti mahdollisiin uhkiin ympäristössä. ...
 
Filtering irrelevant information from accessing working memory is crucial for successful cognitive functioning. However, emotional faces have been found to effectively capture attention even when task-irrelevant, due to their evolutionarily adaptive value. The processing of emotional information can also be impaired in depression. This study aimed to investigate the filtering efficiency of sad and fearful face distractors from visual working memory (VWM) in dysphoric (N = 14, Beck Depression Inventory score > 14) and healthy control (N = 10) participants. The efficiency of filtering the face distractors during a change detection task was examined by an ERP component, Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA), which reflects the number of items simultaneously sustained in VWM. Response accuracy during the task was measured to further examine if the behavioural responses of participants were also affected by the distractors. The CDA results indicated that both dysphoric and control participants were unable to filter the sad faces from VWM. In addition, the CDA revealed a difference between the groups in filtering the fearful faces. Surprisingly, fearful faces were more efficiently filtered by dysphoric than control participants. These results may suggest that the deficits in processing emotional material linked to depressive symptoms affect the processing of threat-related information, interfering with this important evolutionary mechanism of automatic threat detection. ...
 
Keywords
visual working memory filtering attentional bias emotional face distractors Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA) työmuisti EEG tarkkaavaisuus masennus neurotieteet aivot näköhavainnot working memory attention depression (mental disorders) neurosciences brain visual perceptions
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http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201808013670

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